DNA polymerase
Revision as of 17:49, 31 December 2015 by Michal Harel (talk | contribs)
DNA polymerase (Dpo) reads a DNA strand and catalyzes the synthesis of its complementary strand. Dpo's are divided into 7 families according to their sequence homology and 3D structure similarities.[1] The families are:
- Family A - replicative or repair Dpo.
- Family B - replicative Dpo involved in processing DNA replication during cell division (includes eukaryotic Dpo α,δ,ε).
- Family C - major replicative Dpo in bacteria (includes Dpo II, III, IV).
- Family D - replicative. Present in archaea.
- Family X - eukaryotic repair Dpo (includes Dpo β,λ,σ,μ and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase).
- Family Y - replicative of damaged DNA (includes eukaryotic η,ι,κ).
- Family RT - reverse transcriptase. See Reverse transcriptase.
Some Dpo terminology:
Dpo sliding clamp is made of the complex of Dpo and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) which encircles it.
The BRCT domain in Dpo is the C-terminal domain of breast cancer susceptibility protein.
Klenow fragment is a large Dpo fragment produced upon cleavage of Dpo by subtilisin.
In the E. coli, the EcDpo III subunits β, γ, δ, δ' are named clamp loader. This complex assembles the β subunit sliding clamp unto the DNA.
Rev1 is a Dpo involved in replication over DNA lesions.
Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) is a family X Dpo expressed in immature lymphoid cells. TdT adds nucleotides to exons during antibody gene recombination.
For more details see
3D Structures of DNA polymerase3D Structures of DNA polymerase
Updated on 31-December-2015
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- DNA polymerase I
- 1taq – TaDpo I - Thermus aquaticus
- 1jxe – TaDpo I Stoffel fragment
- 1ktq - TaDpo I klenow fragment
- 5ktq – TaDpo I + nucleotide
- 3ojs, 3oju, 1tau, 4dle, 4dlg, 4elt, 4elu, 4elv - TaDpo I + DNA
- 4flt, 4flu, 4flv, 4flw, 4flx, 4fly, 4flz, 4fm0, 4fm1, 4fm2 – Dpo I + DNA – Pyrococcus abyssi
- 1s5j – SsDpo I - Sulfolobus solfataricus
- 3eyz - GsDpo I (mutant) + DNA - Geobacillus stearothermophilus
- 3ez5 - GsDpo I (mutant) + DNA + nucleotide
- 3pv8, 3px0, 3px4, 3px6, 4dqi, 4dqp, 4dqq, 4dqr, 4dqs, 4ds4, 4ds5, 4dse, 4dsf, 4e0d, 4ez6, 4ez9, 4f2r, 4f2s, 4f3o, 4f4k, 4f8r - GkDpo I (mutant) + DNA – Geobacillus kaustophilus
- 1taq – TaDpo I - Thermus aquaticus
- DNA polymerase I klenow fragment
- 2kzz, 1d8y, 2kzm – EcDpo I - Escherichia coli
- 1qsl - EcDpo I + DNA
- 1kfs, 1krp, 1ksp, 1kln - EcDpo I (mutant) + DNA
- 1kfd, 1dpi - EcDpo I + nucleotide
- 1d9d, 1d9f, 2kfn - EcDpo I + DNA + nucleotide
- 2kfz - EcDpo I (mutant) + DNA + nucleotide
- 1ktq - TaDpo I
- 3po4, 3po5, 3rtv, 3sv3, 3sv4, 3syz, 3sz2, 4c8k, 4c8l, 4c8m, 4c8n, 4c8o, 4cch - TaDpo I + DNA
- 4bwm, 4bwj - TaDpo I + DNA + RNA
- 3py8 - TaDpo I (mutant) + DNA
- 3m8r, 3m8s, 3lwl, 3lwm, 1qss, 1qsy, 1qtm, 2ktq, 3ktq, 4ktq, 3rr7, 3rr8, 3rrg, 3rrh, 3t3f, 4df4, 4df8, 4dfj, 4dfk, 4dfm, 4dfp - TaDpo I + DNA + nucleotide
- 4n56, 4n5s, 4xiu - TaDpo I (mutant) + DNA + nucleotide
- 1xwl - GsDpo I
- 2xo7, 3hp6, 3hpo, 2hhq, 2hhs, 2hht, 2hhu, 2hhv, 2hhw, 2hhx, 2hvh, 2hvi, 2hw3, 1xc9, 1ua0, 1ua1, 1njw, 1njx, 1njy, 1njz, 1nk0, 1nk4, 1nk5, 1nk6, 1nk7, 1nk8, 1nk9, 1nkb, 1nkc, 1nke, 1l3s, 2bdp, 4bdp, 2xy5, 2xy6, 2xy7, 2y1i, 2y1j, 3tan, 3tap, 3taq, 3tar, 3thv, 4b9l, 4b9m, 4b9n, 4b9s, 4b9t, 4b9u, 4b9v - GsDpo I + DNA
- 4dsi, 4dsj, 4dsk, 4dsl, 4dwi - GsDpo I (mutant) + DNA
- 3ht3, 1u45, 1u47, 1u48, 1u49, 1u4b, 1l3t, 1l3u, 1l3v, 1l5u, 1lv5, 3bdp, 3ti0, 4o0i, 4uqg - GsDpo I + DNA + nucleotide
- 2kzz, 1d8y, 2kzm – EcDpo I - Escherichia coli
- DNA polymerase II
- DNA polymerase III subunit alpha
- 2hnh, 2hqa - EcDpo III subunit α catalytic fragment
- 4jom - EcDpo III α subunit catalytic fragment (mutant)
- 2hpi, 2hpm - TaDpo III α subunit
- 3e0d - TaDpo III α subunit + DNA
- 3f2b, 3f2c, 3f2d, 4iqj – GkDpo III α subunit + DNA + nucleotide
- 1zd7, 1zde, 3nzm - SyDpo III α subunit – Synechocystis
- 4gig - SyDpo III α subunit (mutant)
- 2keq, 4kl5, 4kl6 - NpDpo III α subunit – Nostoc punctiforme
- 4lx3 - NpDpo III α subunit + nucleic acid binding tRNA/helicase
- 1ok7 - EcDpo III residues 1-366 + EcDpo IV C-terminal
- 2hnh, 2hqa - EcDpo III subunit α catalytic fragment
- DNA polymerase III subunit beta
- mmi, 2pol, 4k3s, 4pnv, 4pnw - EcDpo III subunit β
- 2xur, 3f1v, 3pwe - EcDpo III subunit β (mutant)
- 3d1e - EcDpo III subunit β + EcDpo II C-terminal
- 1unn - EcDpo III subunit β + EcDpo IV little finger
- 3d1g, 3qsb, 4k3k, 4k3l, 4mjp, 4mjq, 4mjr, 4n94, 4n95, 4n96, 4n97, 4n98, 4n99, 4n9a, 4ovf, 4ovg, 4ovh, 4pnu - EcDpo III subunit β + inhibitor
- 3bep - EcDpo III subunit β + DNA
- 3d1f, 3q4j, 3q4k, 3q4l, 4k3l, 4k3m, 4k3o, 4k3p, 4k3q, 4k3r, 4k74 - EcDpo III β subunit + polypeptide
- 2avt - Dpo III β subunit – Streptococcus pyogenes
- 2awa - Dpo III β subunit – Streptococcus pneumoniae
- 2p1j – TmDpo III exonuclease domain – Thermotoga maritima
- 1vpk - TmDpo III β subunit
- 4k3s - EcDpo III β subunit
- 3t0p - Dpo III β subunit – Eubacterium rectale
- 1jqj, 1jql - EcDpo III subunit β,δ (mutant)
- 4tr6 - Pol III β subunit – Bacillus subtilis
- 3p16, 3rb9, 4tr7 - Pol III β subunit – Mycobacterrium tuberculosis
- 4tr8 - PaPol III β subunit – Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- 4tsz - PaPol III β subunit + peptide
- mmi, 2pol, 4k3s, 4pnv, 4pnw - EcDpo III subunit β
- DNA polymerase III subunit gamma
- DNA polymerase III subunit delta
- 1jqj, 1jql - EcDpo III subunit β,δ (mutant)
- 1a5t - EcDpo III subunit δ’
- 1xxh, 1jr3 - EcDpo III subunit γ,δ,δ’
- 1xxi - EcDpo III subunit γ,δ,δ’ + nucleotide
- 3glh - EcDpo III subunit δ,δ’,τ
- 3glf - EcDpo III subunit δ,δ’,τ + DNA
- 3gli - EcDpo III subunit δ,δ’,τ,ξ + DNA
- 3glg - EcDpo III subunit δ,δ’,τ (mutant) + DNA
- 1jqj, 1jql - EcDpo III subunit β,δ (mutant)
- DNA polymerase III subunit epsilon
- DNA polymerase III subunit tau
- DNA polymerase III subunit xi
- 3gli - EcDpo III subunit δ,δ’,τ,ξ + DNA
- 3gli - EcDpo III subunit δ,δ’,τ,ξ + DNA
- DNA polymerase III subunit theta
- DNA polymerase III subunit chi
- DNA polymerase III subunit phi
- DNA polymerase IV
- 4ir1, 4ir9, 4irc, 4ird, 4irk - EcPol IV + DNA
- 4r8u - EcPol IV + DNA + nucleotide
- 2rdi - SsPol IV
- 3pr4, 3pr5, 2r8g, 2r8h, 2r8i, 2uvr, 2uvu, 2uvv, 2uvw - SsPol IV (mutant) + DNA + nucleotide
- 4juz, 4jv0, 4jv1, 4jv2, 4qw8, 4qw9, 4qwa, 4qwb, 4qwc, 4qwd, 4qwe, 4tqr, 4tqs - SsPol IV + DNA + nucleotide
- 2xc9, 3m9m, 3m9n, 3m9o, 2v4q, 2v4r, 2ago, 1ryr, 1rys, 2w9a, 2w9b, 2w9c, 3gii, 3gij, 3gik, 3gil, 3gim, 3qz7, 3qz8, 3pvx, 3pw0, 3pw2, 3pw4, 3pw5, 3pw7, 3raq, 3rax, 3rb0, 3rb3, 3rb4, 3rb6, 3rbd, 3rbe, 4hyk, 4fbt, 4fbu, 4g3i - SsPol IV + DNA
- 2xca, 2xcp, 3khg, 3khh, 3khl, 3khr, 2w8k, 2w8l, 2rdj, 2v9w, 2va2, 2va3, 2ia6, 2ibk, 2jef, 2jeg, 2jei, 2jej, 2imw, 2j6s, 2j6t, 2j6u, 2asd, 2asj, 2asl, 2atl, 2au0, 2c22, 2c28, 2c2d, 2c2e, 2c2r, 2agp, 2agq, 2bqr, 2bqu, 2br0, 2bq3, 1s9f, 1s97, 1s0m, 1s0n, 1s0o, 1s10, 1n48, 1n56, 1jx4, 1jxl, 3t5h, 3t5j, 3t5k, 3t5l, 3v6h, 3v6j, 3v6k, 4gc6, 4gc7 - SsPol IV + DNA + nucleotide
- 3fds – SsPol IV + PCNA B + PCNA C
- 3bq2, 3bq0 – SaPol IV + DNA – Sulfolobus acidocaldarius
- 3bq1, 4f4w, 4f4x, 4f4y, 4f4z, 4f50 - SaPol IV + DNA + nucleotide
- 4nlg - SaPol IV (mutant) + DNA
- 4dez – Pol IV – Mycobacterium smegmatis
- 4ir1, 4ir9, 4irc, 4ird, 4irk - EcPol IV + DNA
- DNA polymerase from enterobacteria phage T7
- DNA polymerase
- 2gv9 – Dpo – Herpes simplex virus
- 1bgx – TaDpo + TP7 antibody
- 1ih7 – EpDpo]] - Enterobacteria phage RB69
- 3cfo, 4i9l – EpDpo (mutant)
- 1waf, 1waj - EpDpo + nucleotide
- 3uiq, 4dtj, 4dtm, 4dtn, 4dto, 4dtp, 4dtr, 4dts, 4dtu, 4dtx, 4du1, 4du3, 4du4 - EpDpo + DNA
- 3nci, 3lds, 3l8b, 3cq8, 3cfp, 3cfr, 3kd1, 3kd5, 4e3s - EpDpo (mutant) + DNA
- 3ndk, 3ne6, 3ngi, 3nhg, 3nae, 3lzj, 3lzi, 2ozs, 2p5g, 2dy4, 1q9x, 1q9y, 1ig9, 3qep, 3rma, 3rmb, 3rmc, 3rmd, 3rwu, 3s9h, 3scx, 3si6, 3sjj, 3snn, 3spy, 3spz, 3sq0, 3sq1, 3sq2, 3sq4, 3sun, 3suo, 3sup, 3suq, 3tab, 3tae, 3taf, 3tag, 4i9q, 4j2a, 4j2b, 4j2d, 4j2e, 4khn, 4khq, 4khs, 4khu, 4khw, 4khy, 4ki4, 4ki6, 4m3r, 4m3t, 4m3u, 4m3w, 4m3x, 4m3y, 4m3z, 4m41, 4m42, 4m45 - EpDpo (mutant) + DNA + nucleotide
- 1clq, 3iuq - EpDpo + DNA + nucleotide
- 2oyq, 2ozm, 2p5o, 2dtu, 3qei, 3qer, 3qes, 3qet, 3qev, 3qew, 3qex, 3qnn, 3qno, 4fj5, 4fj7, 4fj8, 4fj9, 4fjg, 4fjh, 4fji, 4fjj, 4fjk, 4fjl, 4fjm, 4fjn, 4fjx, 4fk0, 4fk2, 4fk4 - EpDpo (mutant) + DNA + nucleotide analog
- 2atq – EpDpo + GP32
- 1noy – T4Dpo + DNA - Enterobacteria phage T4
- 1noz – T4Dpo residues 1-388
- 2ex3 – BpDpo (mutant) + DNA terminal protein – Bacillus phage φ29
- 2py5, 2pzs, 1xhz, 1xi1 – BpDpo (mutant) + DNA
- 2pyj, 2pyl - BpDpo (mutant) + DNA + nucleotide
- 1xhx - BpDpo (mutant)
- 3a2f - PfDpo + PCNA - Pyrococcus furiosus
- 2jgu, 4ahc – PfDpo
- 4ail – PfDpo + DNA
- 1tgo - TgDpo – Thermococcus gorgonarius
- 2vwj, 2xhb – TgDpo (mutant) + DNA
- 2vwk - TgDpo (mutant)
- 1wn7, 1wns – TkDpo B - Thermococcus kodakarensis
- 4k8z - TkDpo (mutant) + DNA
- 1qht - ThDpo (mutant) – Thermococcus
- 4k8x - ThDpo (mutant) + DNA
- 1d5a – DeDpo
- 2gv9 – Dpo – Herpes simplex virus
- DNA polymerase alpha
- DNA polymerase beta
- 4p4m, 4p4o, 4p4p - Dpo β + DNA + nucleotide – Leishmania infantum
- 4ppx - hDpo β + spiroiminohydantoin + DNA
- 3q8p, 3q8q, 3lk9, 3mby, 3isb, 3isc, 1zjm, 1tv9, 1tva, 1bpx, 1bpz, 1zqa, 1zqb, 1zqc, 1zqd, 1zqf, 1zqg, 1zqh, 1zqi, 1zaj, 1zqk, 1zql, 1zqm, 1zqn, 1zqo, 1zqp1zqq, 1zqr, 1zqs, 1zqt, 1zqu, 1zqv, 1zqw, 1zqx, 1zqy, 1zqz, 7ice, 7icf, 7ici, 7icj, 7icl, 7icm, 7icp, 7icr, 7ict, 7icu, 7icv, 8icb, 8icc, 9icj, 9ick, 9icl, 9icm, 9icp, 9icw, 9icx, 9icy, 7icg, 7ich, 7ick, 7icn, 7ico, 7icq, 7ics, 1zqe, 4gxi, 4gxj, 4gxk, 4kld, 4kle, 4klf, 4klg, 4klh, 4kli, 4klj, 4kll, 4klm, 4klo, 4klp, 4klq, 4kls, 4klt, 4klu, 1zqj, 4lvs, 4m2y, 4m47, 4nlk, 4nln, 4nlz, 4nm1, 4nm2, 3gdx, 3rh4, 3rh5, 3rh6, 4tup, 4tuq, 4tur, 4tus - hDpo β + DNA
- 3jpn, 3jpo, 3jpp, 3jpq, 3jpr, 3jpt, 3jps, 3isd, 3c2k, 3c2l, 3c2m, 2pxi, 2iso, 2isp, 2i9g, 2fmp, 2fmq, 2fms, 1zjn, 1mq2, 1mq3, 1bpy, 8ica, 8ice, 8icf, 8icg, 8ich, 8ici, 8icj, 8ick, 8icl, 8icm, 8icn, 8ico, 8icp, 8icq, 8icr, 8ics, 8ict, 8icu, 8icv, 8icw, 8icx, 8icz, 9ice, 9icg, 9ich, 9ici, 9icq, 9ics, 9ict, 9icu, 9icv, 9icr, 9icn, 9ico, 8icy, 9ica, 9icb, 9icc, 9icf, 4do9, 4doa, 4dob, 4doc, 3rje, 3rjf, 3rjg, 3rjh, 3rji, 3rjj, 3rjk, 3tfr, 3tfs, 4mf2, 4mf8, 4mfa, 4mfc, 4mff, 4nxz, 4ny8, 4o5c, 4o5e, 4o5k, 4o9m, 4p2h, 4pgq, 4pgx, 4pha, 4phd, 4uaw, 4uay, 4uaz, 4ub1, 4ub2, 4ub3, 4ub4, 4ub5, 4ubb, 4ubc - hDpo β + DNA + nucleotide
- 2p66, 4f5n - hDpo β + DNA + nucleotide analog
- 4f5o, 4f5p, 4f5q, 4f5r - hDpo β (mutant) + DNA + nucleotide analog
- 3ogu, 4jwm, 4jwn, 4m9g, 4m9h, 4m9j, 4m9l, 4m9n, 4r63, 4r64, 4r65, 4r66 - hDpo β (mutant) + DNA
- 2v6z - hDpo β N-terminal (mutant)]] - NMR
- 3k75, 3lqc - hDpo β + DNA repair protein XRCC1
- 1rpl, 2bpc, 1bpe, 1bpb, 1bpd, 3uxn - rDpo β – rat
- 2van, 1jn3, 3uxo, 3v7l- rDpo β (mutant)
- 1dk2, 1dk3, 1bno, 1bnp - rDpo β N-terminal – NMR
- 1nom - rDpo β C-terminal
- 1huo, 1huz, 3v7j - rDpo β + DNA
- 3uxp, 3v72, 3v7k - rDpo β (mutant) + DNA
- 1bpe - rDpo β + nucleotide
- 2bpf, 2bpg - rDpo β + DNA + nucleotide
- 3au2 – TtDpo β + GTP – Thermus thermophilus
- 3b0x, 3b0y – TtDpo β (mutant) + GTP
- 3au6, 3auo – TtDpo β + GTP + DNA
- 4p4m, 4p4o, 4p4p - Dpo β + DNA + nucleotide – Leishmania infantum
- DNA polymerase gamma
- 3ikm - hDpo γ1+ γ2
- 3ikl, 2g4c - hDpo γ2
- 2jw5 - hDpo λ BRCT domain
- 1xsl - hDpo λ catalytic domain
- 1nzp - hDpo λ lyase domain - NMR
- 3pmn, 3pnc, 3mda, 2gws, 2bcq, 2bcr, 2bcs, 2bcu, 2bcv, 1xsp, 1rzt - hDpo λ + DNA
- 3mgh, 3c5f, 3c5g, 2pfn - hDpo λ (mutant) + DNA
- 3pml, 3mdc, 1xsn - hDpo λ + DNA + nucleotide
- 4k4g, 4k4h, 4k4i - hDpo λ + DNA + nucleotide analog
- 3mgi, 3hw8, 3hwt, 3hx0, 2pfo, 2pfp, 2pfq - hDpo λ (mutant) + DNA + nucleotide
- 3ikm - hDpo γ1+ γ2
- DNA polymerase delta
- DNA polymerase epsilon
- DNA polymerase zeta
- DNA polymerase eta
- 2i5o - hDpo η ubiquitin-binding zinc finger – NMR
- 3si8 - hDpo η + DNA
- 2lsj, 2lsi - hDpo η + DNA repair protein Rev1
- 4dl2, 4dl3, 4dl4, 4dl5, 4dl6, 4dl7, 4eey, 4ecq, 4ecr, 4ecs, 4ect, 4ecu, 4ecv, 4ecw, 4ecx, 4ecy, 4ecz, 4ed0, 4ed1, 4ed2, 4ed3, 4ed6, 4ed7, 4ed8, 4o3n, 4o3o, 4o3p, 4o3q, 4o3r, 4o3s, 4q8e, 4q8f, 4rnm, 4rnn, 4rno, 4x0p, 4x0q - hDpo η + DNA + nucleotide
- 5aga - hDpo η + nucleotide
- 2i5o - hDpo η ubiquitin-binding zinc finger – NMR
- DNA polymerase iota
- 3q8r, 3q8s, 3h4b, 3h4d, 3gv5, 3gv7, 3gv8, 3epg, 3epi, 2fll, 2fln, 2flp, 2dpi, 2dpj, 2alz, 1zet, 1t3n, 4ebc, 4ebd, 4ebe, 4fs1, 4fs2, 4eyh, 4eyi, 3g6v, 3g6x, 3g6y - hDpo ι + DNA + nucleotide
- 3ngd, 3osn, 3h40 - hDpo ι catalytic fragment + DNA
- 2ktf - hDpo ι + ubiquitin
- 2l0f, 2l0g - hDpo ι + ubiquitin – NMR
- 2khu - hDpo ι ubiquitin binding motif – NMR
- 2khw - hDpo ι ubiquitin binding motif + ubiquitin – NMR
- 2kwu, 2kwv - mDpo ι C-terminal + ubiquitin - NMR
- 3ai4 - mDpo ι/yEGFP
- 3q8r, 3q8s, 3h4b, 3h4d, 3gv5, 3gv7, 3gv8, 3epg, 3epi, 2fll, 2fln, 2flp, 2dpi, 2dpj, 2alz, 1zet, 1t3n, 4ebc, 4ebd, 4ebe, 4fs1, 4fs2, 4eyh, 4eyi, 3g6v, 3g6x, 3g6y - hDpo ι + DNA + nucleotide
- DNA polymerase kappa
- DNA polymerase mu
- DNA polymerase nu
- DNA polymerase chi
- DNA polymerase from yeast
- 3oiq - yDpo α + cell division control protein 13
- 3flo, 3lgb - yDpo α subunits A,B
- 4b08, 4fvm - yDpo α subunit A
- 4fxd, 4fyd - yDpo α subunit A + RNA + DNA
- 3iay - yDpo δ catalytic subunit + DNA
- 3oha, 3ohb, 3mfh - yDpo ε (mutant) + DNA
- 3mfi, 4m8o - yDpo ε (mutant) + DNA + nucleotide
- 2r8j, 2r8k, 4ptf - yDpo ε catalytic domain + DNA + nucleotide
- 2xgp, 2xgq, 2wtf - yDpo ε + DNA
- 1jih – yDpo η catalytic domain
- 3bjy, 2aq4 – yRev1 catalytic domain + DNA + nucleotide
- 3oiq - yDpo α + cell division control protein 13
- DNA polymerase Rev1
- Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase
- Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase binary complex
- 4iqt, 4iqu, 4iqv, 4iqw – mTdT catalytic domain + inhibitor
- 4i2i – mTdT catalytic domain + Mg + Zn + adenosine-pentaphosphate
- 4i2j – mTdT catalytic domain + CTP + Zn
- 1kej – mTdT catalytic domain + ATP derivative + Co
- 4i2d – mTdT catalytic domain + ATP derivative + Mg
- 4i29 – mTdT catalytic domain + AMP derivative + Mn
- 4i2b – mTdT catalytic domain + AMPCPP + Mg
- 4i2c – mTdT catalytic domain + AMPCPP + Mn
- 4i2a – mTdT catalytic domain + UMP derivative + Mg
- 4iqt, 4iqu, 4iqv, 4iqw – mTdT catalytic domain + inhibitor
- Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase ternary complex with DNA
- 4i2e – mTdT catalytic domain + AMPCPP + Co + DNA
- 4i2h – mTdT catalytic domain + AMPCPP + Zn + Mg + DNA
- 4i27 – mTdT catalytic domain + TTP derivative + TMP + Mg + DNA
- 1kdh – mTdT catalytic domain + UMP derivative + Mg + DNA
- 4i28, 4i2f – mTdT catalytic domain + Mg + Zn + DNA
- 4i2g – mTdT catalytic domain + Mg + Co + DNA
- 4i2e – mTdT catalytic domain + AMPCPP + Co + DNA