DNA polymerase

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Template:STRUCTURE 1taq

DNA polymerase (Dpo) reads a DNA strand and catalyzes the synthesis of its complementary strand. Dpo's are divided into 7 families according to their sequence homology and 3D structure similarities. The families are:

  • Family A - replicative or repair Dpo.
  • Family B - replicative Dpo involved in processing DNA replication during cell division (includes eukaryotic Dpo α,δ,ε).
  • Family C - major replicative Dpo in bacteria (includes Dpo II, III, IV).
  • Family D - replicative. Present in archaea.
  • Family X - eukaryotic repair Dpo (includes Dpo β,λ,σ,μ and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase).
  • Family Y - replicative of damaged DNA (includes eukaryotic η,ι,κ).
  • Family RT - reverse transcriptase. See Reverse transcriptase.

Some Dpo terminology:
Dpo sliding clamp is made of the complex of Dpo and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) which encircles it.
The BRCT domain in Dpo is the C-terminal domain of breast cancer susceptibility protein.
Klenow fragment is a large Dpo fragment produced upon cleavage of Dpo by subtilisin.
In the E. coli, the EcDpo III subunits β, γ, δ, δ' are named clamp loader. This complex assembles the β subunit sliding clamp unto the DNA.
Rev1 is a Dpo involved in replication over DNA lesions.
Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) is a family X Dpo expressed in immature lymphoid cells. TdT adds nucleotides to exons during antibody gene recombination.
For more details see

3D Structures of DNA polymerase3D Structures of DNA polymerase

Updated on 20-October-2015

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase
    • 2coe – TdT BRCT domain – NMR
    • 1jms – mTdT catalytic domain + Mg

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase binary complex

    • 4iqt, 4iqu, 4iqv, 4iqw – mTdT catalytic domain + inhibitor
    • 4i2i – mTdT catalytic domain + Mg + Zn + adenosine-pentaphosphate
    • 4i2j – mTdT catalytic domain + CTP + Zn
    • 1kej – mTdT catalytic domain + ATP derivative + Co
    • 4i2d – mTdT catalytic domain + ATP derivative + Mg
    • 4i29 – mTdT catalytic domain + AMP derivative + Mn
    • 4i2b – mTdT catalytic domain + AMPCPP + Mg
    • 4i2c – mTdT catalytic domain + AMPCPP + Mn
    • 4i2a – mTdT catalytic domain + UMP derivative + Mg

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase ternary complex with DNA

    • 4i2e – mTdT catalytic domain + AMPCPP + Co + DNA
    • 4i2h – mTdT catalytic domain + AMPCPP + Zn + Mg + DNA
    • 4i27 – mTdT catalytic domain + TTP derivative + TMP + Mg + DNA
    • 1kdh – mTdT catalytic domain + UMP derivative + Mg + DNA
    • 4i28, 4i2f – mTdT catalytic domain + Mg + Zn + DNA
    • 4i2g – mTdT catalytic domain + Mg + Co + DNA

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Alexander Berchansky, David Canner, Michal Harel, Joel L. Sussman, Cori Damron, Emily Bray, Jaime Prilusky