Thioesterase
Thioesterase (TE) catalyzes the break of an ester bond to produce acid and alcohol at a thiol group. TEs are substrate-specific. Palmitoyl protein TE removes fatty acids like palmitate from modified cysteine residues during lysosomal degradation. 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA TE converts 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA to 4-hydroxybenzoate and CoA. Acyl-CoA TE hydrolyzes acyl-CoA to the fatty acid and CoA and is involved in lipid metabolism. Fluoroacetyl-CoA TE from Streptomyces cattleya hydrolyzes fluoroacetyl-CoA thus preventing it from being metabolized to the lethal 4-hydroxy-trans-aconitate. Ubiquitin TE or ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase (USP) removes conjugated ubiquitin (Ub) from proteins thus regulating protein level by preventing their degradation. USP hydrolyze the peptide bond at the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin (UB). The USPs are involved in the processing of poly-UB precursors and of ubiquinated proteins. USP contains catalytic domain surrounded several domains: Ub-like (UBL); Ub-associated (UBA); zinc finger-Ub-specific protease domain (UBP or DUSP); TRF homology domain.
- USP-L1, USP25 hydrolyze C-terminal adducts of UB.
- USP-L3 hydrolyze C-terminal adducts of UB and NEDD8.
- USP5 cleaves multiubiquitin polymers.
- USP6 has ATP-independent isopeptidase activity.
- USP7, USP4, USP13, USP15 deubiquitinate several proteins.
- USP8 removes conjugated ubiquitin from proteins thus preventing protein degradation. USP8 is involved in cell proliferation and is active in the M phase of proliferation.
- USP11, USP14 are proteasome-associated.
- USP16, USP21 deubiquitinate histone H2A.
- USP28 deubiquitinates proteins of the DNA damage pathway.
- USP33 regulates centrosome duplication.
- USP37 deubiquitinates cyclin A.
3D structures of thioesterase3D structures of thioesterase
Updated on 01-June-2014
Maristoyl-ACP-specific TE
1tht – TE – Vibrio harveyi
4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA TE
1bvq – PsTE – Pseudomonas
1lo7 – PsTE + 4-hydroxyphenyl CoA
1lo9 - PsTE (mutant) + 4-hydroxybenzoyl CoA
1lo8 - PsTE + 4-hydroxybenzyl CoA
1q4s - ArTE + 4-hydroxybenzoate – 'Arthrobacter'
1q4t - ArTE + 4-hydroxyphenyl CoA
1q4u - ArTE + 4-hydroxybenzyl CoA
3r32, 3r35, 3r37, 3r38, 3r3b, 3r3c, 3r3d, 3r3f, 3tea - ArTE (mutant) + 4-hydroxyphenacyl CoA
3r36 - ArTE (mutant) + 4-hydroxybenzoate
3r3a - ArTE (mutant) + 4-hydroxybenzoate + CoA
3r34 - ArTE (mutant) + CoA
Palmitoyl protein TE
1eh5 – bTE1 + Palmitate – bovine
1ei9 – bTE1
1exw – bTE1 + hexadecylsulfonyl fluoride
1pja – hTEII – human
3gro - hTEI
Acyl-CoA TE
1c8u – EcTEII – Escherichia coli
1ivn – EcTEI
1jrl – EcTEI (mutant)
1j00 – EcTEI + diethyl phosphono derivative
1v2g, 1u8u - EcTEI + octanoic acid
2v1o – mTE7 hotdog domain – mouse
2q2b – mTE7 C terminal
3hlk – hTE2
3k2i – hTE4
2qq2 - hTE7 C terminal
3fo5 – hTE11 START domain
3b7k – hTE12
3rd7 – TE – Mycobacterium avium
3u0a – TEII – Mycobacterium marinum
1tbu – TE N terminal (peroximal) – yeast
Acyl protein TE
1fj2 – EcTEI
Acyl-ACP TE
2ess – TE – Bacterioides thetaiotaomicron
4gak – TE – Spirosoma linguale
4gwh – TE – Yersinia pestis
ACP-polyene TE
4i4j – TE – Streptomyces globisporus
Fluoroacetyl-CoA TE
3kuv, 3kuw, 3kvi – ScTE (mutant) + acetate derivative – Streptomyces cattleya
3kv7, 3kv8, 3p2r, 3p2s – ScTE + acetate derivative
3kvu – ScTE + acetyl-CoA
3kvz, 3kw1 – ScTE + FAcOPan
3kx7, 3kx8, 3p2q – ScTE
3p3f – ScTE (mutant)
3p3i - ScTE (mutant) + acetate derivative + CoA
DHNA-CoA TE
4k00 – TE – Synechocystis
4k02 – TE – Arabidopsis thaliana
Ubiquitin TE
USP 2
2zfy – hUSP – human
2hd5, 3nhe, 3v6c, 3v6e – hUSP + Ub
1tff – hUSP (mutant)
2ibi – hUSP (mutant) + Ub
USP 3
2qiy – yUSP + USP-associated protein – yeast
USP 4
2y6e – hUSP catalytic domain
3jyu – mUSP N terminal domain - mouse
USP 5
2dag – hUSP UBA domain 1 - NMR
2dak – hUSP UBA domain 2 - NMR
2g43 – hUSP zinc finger USP domain
2g45 – hUSP zinc finger USP domain + Ub
3ihp – hUSP + Ub
USP 7
2f1z – hUSP
1nb8, 4m5w, 4m5x – hUSP catalytic domain
2kvr – hUSP UBL domain - NMR
4pyz – hUSP UBL domains 1+2
1yze, 2f1w – hUSP N terminal domain
2ylm – hUSP C terminal domain
2f1x, 2f1y, 2foj, 2foo, 2fop – hUSP N terminal domain/peptide
USP 7 complexes
1nbf – hUSP catalytic domain + Ub aldehyde
1yy6 – hUSP N terminal domain + EBNA1 peptide
2xxn – hUSP TRAF domain + VIRF-4 peptide
3mqr – hUSP TRAF domain + HDMX peptide
3mqs – hUSP TRAF domain + HDM2 peptide
4jjq – hUSP TRAF domain + E2 peptide
4kg9 – hUSP TRAF domain + MCM-BP peptide
USP 8
1whb – hUSP rhodanase domain – human - NMR
2a9u – hUSP N terminal domain
2gfo – hUSP catalytic domain
USP 8 complexes
2gwf – hUSP rhodanase domain + ring finger protein 41 USP8 interaction domain
3mhh, 3m99, 4fip, 4fjc, 4f5k, 4fk5 – yUSP + SUS1 + SGF11 +SGF73
3mhs – yUSP + SUS1 + SGF11 +SGF73 + Ub
3n3k – hUSP catalytic domain + Ub
USP 11
4mel – hUSP DUSP+UBL domains
4mem – rUSP DUSP+UBL domains - rat
USP 13
2l80 – hUSP zinc finger domain - NMR
2lbc – hUSP UBA domain - NMR
USP 14
1wgg – mUSP N terminal domain - NMR
2ayn – hUSP
2ayo – hUSP + Ub aldehyde
USP 15
3lmn – hUSP DUSP domain
3ppa, 3pv1, 3t9l, 4a3o, 4a3p – hUSP DUSP+UBL domains
1w6v – hUSP DUSP domain - NMR
USP 16
2i50 – hUSP zinc finger domain - NMR
USP 21
3i3t, 2y5b – hUSP + Ub
3mtn – hUSP + Ub inhibitor
USP25
1vdl – mUSP catalytic domain
USP 28
2lva – hUSP N terminal - NMR
USP 33
2uzg – hUSP zinc finger domain - NMR
USP 37
3ihr – hUSP (mutant)
3a7s – hUSP catalytic domain (mutant)
USP Cyld
2vhf – hUSP USP domain
USP L1
2etl – hUSP-L1
3irt, 4jkj – hUSP (mutant)
2len – hUSP (mutant) - NMR
3ifw, 3kvf, 3kw5 – hUSP (mutant) + Ub
4dm9 – hUSP + peptide inhibitor
USP L3
1uch – hUSP-L3
1xd3 – hUSP-L3 + UBC
2we6 – PfUSP-L3 – Plasmodium falciparum
2wdt – PfUSP-L3 + Ub
USP L5
3ris – hUSP catalytic domain
3rii, 3a7s – hUSP catalytic domain (mutant)
3tb3 – hUSP UCH domain (mutant)
3ihr – hUSP-L5 (mutant)
USP ZranB1
3zrh – hUSP
USP OTUB1
3von – hUSP + E2
4ddg, 4ddi – hUSP + Ub
4ddi, 4i6l – hUSP (mutant) + Ub
4dhz – hUSP + E2 + Ub
4boq - hUSP OTU domain
4boz - hUSP OTU domain (mutant) + Ub
4bos - hUSP OTU domain (mutant) + Ub + OTUD2 peptide
4fjv - hUSP OTUB2 + Ub
4dhj – nUSP + E2 + Ub - nematode
4dhi – nUSP + E2
2kzr – mUSP UBX-like domain – NMR
4kdi, 4kdl – yUSP UBX-like domain + transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase
3by4, 3c0r - yUSP OTU domain + Ub
3znh – USP + Ub – Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus
RedJ TE
3qmv, 3qmw – TE – Streptomyces coelicolor
Orf6 TE
4i45 – TE – Photobacterium profundum
2av9, 2o5u, 2o6b, 2o6t, 2o6u, 3qy3 – TE – Pseudomonas aeruginosa