Thioesterase

Thioesterase (TE) catalyzes the break of an ester bond to produce acid and alcohol at a thiol group. TEs are substrate-specific.

• Palmitoyl protein TE removes fatty acids like palmitate from modified cysteine residues during lysosomal degradation. For details see Palmitoyl protein thioesterase.
  
• 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA TE converts 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA to 4-hydroxybenzoate and CoA.
  
• Acyl-CoA TE hydrolyzes acyl-CoA to the fatty acid and CoA and is involved in lipid metabolism. See also YbgC.
  
• Fluoroacetyl-CoA TE from Streptomyces cattleya hydrolyzes fluoroacetyl-CoA thus preventing it from being metabolized to the lethal 4-hydroxy-trans-aconitate.
  
• Ubiquitin TE or ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase (USP) removes conjugated ubiquitin (Ub) from proteins thus regulating protein level by preventing their degradation. USP hydrolyze the peptide bond at the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin (UB). The USPs are involved in the processing of poly-UB precursors and of ubiquinated proteins. USP contains catalytic domain surrounded several domains: Ub-like (UBL); Ub-associated (UBA); zinc finger-Ub-specific protease domain (UBP or DUSP); TRF homology domain.

• USP-L1, USP25 hydrolyze C-terminal adducts of UB.
  
• USP-L3 hydrolyze C-terminal adducts of UB and NEDD8.
  
• USP5 cleaves multiubiquitin polymers.
  
• USP6 has ATP-independent isopeptidase activity.
  
• USP7, USP4, USP13, USP15 deubiquitinate several proteins.
  
• USP8 removes conjugated ubiquitin from proteins thus preventing protein degradation. USP8 is involved in cell proliferation and is active in the M phase of proliferation.
  
• USP11, USP14 are proteasome-associated.
  
• USP16, USP21 deubiquitinate histone H2A.
  
• USP28 deubiquitinates proteins of the DNA damage pathway.
  
• USP33 regulates centrosome duplication.
  
• USP37 deubiquitinates cyclin A.
  

3D structures of thioesterase3D structures of thioesterase

Updated on 29-February-2016

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• Maristoyl-ACP-specific thioesterase
  • 1tht – TE – Vibrio harveyi
• 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA thioesterase
  • 1bvq – PsTE – Pseudomonas
    
  • 1lo7 – PsTE + 4-hydroxyphenyl CoA
    
  • 1lo9 - PsTE (mutant) + 4-hydroxybenzoyl CoA
    
  • 1lo8 - PsTE + 4-hydroxybenzyl CoA
    
  • 1q4s - ArTE + 4-hydroxybenzoate – 'Arthrobacter'
    
  • 1q4t - ArTE + 4-hydroxyphenyl CoA
    
  • 1q4u - ArTE + 4-hydroxybenzyl CoA
    
  • 3r32, 3r35, 3r37, 3r38, 3r3b, 3r3c, 3r3d, 3r3f, 3tea - ArTE (mutant) + 4-hydroxyphenacyl CoA
    
  • 3r36 - ArTE (mutant) + 4-hydroxybenzoate
    
  • 3r3a - ArTE (mutant) + 4-hydroxybenzoate + CoA
    
  • 3r34 - ArTE (mutant) + CoA
    
• Palmitoyl protein thioesterase
  • 1eh5 – bTE1 + Palmitate – bovine
    
  • 1ei9 – bTE1
    
  • 1exw – bTE1 + hexadecylsulfonyl fluoride
    
  • 1pja – hTEII – human
    
  • 3gro - hTEI
• Acyl-CoA thioesterase
  • 1c8u – EcTEII – Escherichia coli
    
  • 1ivn – EcTEI
    
  • 1jrl – EcTEI (mutant)
    
  • 1j00 – EcTEI + diethyl phosphono derivative
    
  • 1v2g, 1u8u - EcTEI + octanoic acid
    
  • 2v1o – mTE7 hotdog domain – mouse
    
  • 2q2b – mTE7 C terminal
    
  • 2pzh - TE - Helicobacter pylori
    
  • 3hlk – hTE2
    
  • 3k2i – hTE4
    
  • 2qq2 - hTE7 C terminal
    
  • 3fo5 – hTE11 START domain
    
  • 3b7k, 4moc – hTE12
    
  • 4mob – hTE12 + ADP
    
  • 3rd7 – TE – Mycobacterium avium
    
  • 3u0a – TEII – Mycobacterium marinum
    
  • 1tbu – TE N terminal (peroximal) – yeast
    
  • 4qfw – YpTE II – Yersinia pestis
    
  • 4r4u – YpTE II + CoA
    
• Acyl protein thioesterase
  • 1fj2 – EcTEI
• Acyl-ACP thioesterase
  • 2ess – TE – Bacterioides thetaiotaomicron
    
  • 4gak – TE – Spirosoma linguale
    
  • 4gwh – YpTE
    
• ACP-polyene thioesterase
  • 4i4j – TE – Streptomyces globisporus
    
• Fluoroacetyl-CoA thioesterase
  • 3kuv, 3kuw, 3kvi – ScTE (mutant) + acetate derivative – Streptomyces cattleya
    
  • 3kv7, 3kv8, 3p2r, 3p2s – ScTE + acetate derivative
    
  • 3kvu – ScTE + acetyl-CoA
    
  • 3kvz, 3kw1 – ScTE + FAcOPan
    
  • 3kx7, 3kx8, 3p2q – ScTE
    
  • 3p3f – ScTE (mutant)
    
  • 3p3i - ScTE (mutant) + acetate derivative + CoA
    
• Dihydroxynaphthoyl-CoA thioesterase
  • 4k00 – TE – Synechocystis
    
  • 4k02 – AtTE – Arabidopsis thaliana
    
• RedJ thioesterase
  • 3qmv, 3qmw – TE – Streptomyces coelicolor
• Orf6 thioesterase
  • 4i45 – TE – Photobacterium profundum
    
• thioesterase
  • 2av9, 2o5u, 2o6b, 2o6t, 2o6u, 3qy3 – TE – Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Ubiquitin thioesterase
• Ubiquitin thioesterase 2
  • 2zfy – hUSP – human
    
  • 2hd5, 3nhe, 3v6c, 3v6e – hUSP + Ub
    
  • 1tff – hUSP (mutant)
    
  • 2ibi – hUSP (mutant) + Ub
    
• Ubiquitin thioesterase 3
  • 2qiy – yUSP + USP-associated protein – yeast
    
• Ubiquitin thioesterase 4
  • 2y6e – hUSP catalytic domain
    
  • 3jyu – mUSP N terminal domain - mouse
    
• Ubiquitin thioesterase 5
  • 2dag – hUSP UBA domain 1 - NMR
    
  • 2dak – hUSP UBA domain 2 - NMR
    
  • 2g43 – hUSP zinc finger USP domain
    
  • 2g45 – hUSP zinc finger USP domain + Ub
    
  • 3ihp – hUSP + Ub
    
• Ubiquitin thioesterase 7
  • 2f1z – hUSP
    
  • 1nb8, 4m5w, 4m5x – hUSP catalytic domain
    
  • 2kvr – hUSP UBL domain - NMR
    
  • 4pyz – hUSP UBL domains 1+2
    
  • 1yze, 2f1w – hUSP N terminal domain
    
  • 2ylm – hUSP C terminal domain
    
  • 2f1x, 2f1y, 2foj, 2foo, 2fop – hUSP N terminal domain/peptide
    
  • 4zv3 – mUSP N terminal domain
    
• Ubiquitin thioesterase 7 complexes
  • 1nbf – hUSP catalytic domain + Ub aldehyde
    
  • 1yy6 – hUSP N terminal domain + EBNA1 peptide
    
  • 2xxn – hUSP TRAF domain + VIRF-4 peptide
    
  • 3mqr – hUSP TRAF domain + HDMX peptide
    
  • 3mqs – hUSP TRAF domain + HDM2 peptide
    
  • 4jjq – hUSP TRAF domain + E2 peptide
    
  • 4kg9 – hUSP TRAF domain + MCM-BP peptide
    
  • 4yoc – hUSP residues 560-1102 + DNA methyl transferase
    
• Ubiquitin thioesterase 8
  • 1whb – hUSP rhodanase domain - NMR
    
  • 2a9u – hUSP N terminal domain
    
  • 2gfo – hUSP catalytic domain
    
• Ubiquitin thioesterase 8 complexes
  • 2gwf – hUSP rhodanase domain + ring finger protein 41 USP8 interaction domain
    
  • 3mhh, 3m99, 4fip, 4fjc, 4f5k, 4fk5 – yUSP + SUS1 + SGF11 +SGF73
    
  • 3mhs – yUSP + SUS1 + SGF11 +SGF73 + Ub
    
  • 3n3k – hUSP catalytic domain + Ub
    
• Ubiquitin thioesterase 11
  • 4mel – hUSP DUSP+UBL domains
    
  • 4mem – rUSP DUSP+UBL domains - rat
    
• Ubiquitin thioesterase 13
  • 2l80 – hUSP zinc finger domain - NMR
    
  • 2lbc – hUSP UBA domain - NMR
    
• Ubiquitin thioesterase 14
  • 1wgg – mUSP N terminal domain - NMR
    
  • 2ayn – hUSP
    
  • 2ayo – hUSP + Ub aldehyde
    
  • 1wiv – AtUSP UBA domain - NMR
    
• Ubiquitin thioesterase 15
  • 3lmn – hUSP DUSP domain
    
  • 3ppa, 3pv1, 3t9l, 4a3o, 4a3p – hUSP DUSP+UBL domains
    
  • 1w6v – hUSP DUSP domain - NMR
    
• Ubiquitin thioesterase 16
  • 2i50 – hUSP zinc finger domain - NMR
    
• Ubiquitin thioesterase 21
  • 3i3t, 2y5b – hUSP + Ub
    
  • 3mtn – hUSP + Ub inhibitor
    
• Ubiquitin thioesterase 25
  • 1vdl – mUSP catalytic domain
    
• Ubiquitin thioesterase 28
  • 2lva – hUSP N terminal - NMR
    
• Ubiquitin thioesterase 33
  • 2uzg – hUSP zinc finger domain - NMR
    
• Ubiquitin thioesterase 37
  • 3ihr – hUSP (mutant)
    
  • 3a7s – hUSP catalytic domain (mutant)
    
  • 3u12 – hUSP pleckstrin domain
    
• Ubiquitin thioesterase 38
  • 4rxx – hUSP N terminal
    
• Ubiquitin thioesterase Cyld
  • 2vhf – hUSP USP domain
    
• Ubiquitin thioesterase L1
  • 2etl – hUSP-L1
    
  • 3irt, 4jkj – hUSP (mutant)
    
  • 2len – hUSP (mutant) - NMR
    
  • 3ifw, 3kvf, 3kw5 – hUSP (mutant) + Ub
    
  • 4dm9 – hUSP + peptide inhibitor
    
• Ubiquitin thioesterase L3
  • 1uch – hUSP-L3
    
  • 1xd3 – hUSP-L3 + UBC
    
  • 2we6 – PfUSP-L3 – Plasmodium falciparum
    
  • 2wdt – PfUSP-L3 + Ub
    
• Ubiquitin thioesterase L5
  • 3ris – hUSP catalytic domain
    
  • 3rii, 3a7s – hUSP catalytic domain (mutant)
    
  • 3tb3 – hUSP UCH domain (mutant)
    
  • 3ihr – hUSP-L5 (mutant)
    
  • 4uel – hUSP-L5 + polyUb + proteasomal Ub receptor Deubad domain
    
  • 4uem – hUSP-L5 + proteasomal Ub receptor Deubad domain
    
  • 4wlq – mUSP-L5 + proteasomal Ub receptor C terminal
    
  • 4wlr – mUSP-L5 + polyUb + proteasomal Ub receptor C terminal
    
  • 4uf5, 4wlp – hUSP-L5 + nuclear factor Deubad domain
    
  • 4uf6 – hUSP-L5 + polyUb + nuclear factor Deubad domain
    
• Ubiquitin thioesterase ZranB1
  • 3zrh – hUSP
    
  • 4s1z – bUSP zinc finger + Ub
    
• Ubiquitin thioesterase OTUB1
  • 3von – hUSP + E2
    
  • 4ddg, 4ddi – hUSP + Ub
    
  • 4i6l – hUSP (mutant) + Ub
    
  • 4dhz, 4ldt – hUSP + E2 + Ub
    
  • 4boq - hUSP OTU domain
    
  • 4boz - hUSP OTU domain (mutant) + Ub
    
  • 4bos - hUSP OTU domain (mutant) + Ub + OTUD2 peptide
    
  • 4fjv - hUSP OTUB2 + Ub
    
  • 4dhj – nUSP + E2 + Ub - nematode
    
  • 4dhi – nUSP + E2
    
  • 2kzr – mUSP UBX-like domain – NMR
    
  • 4kdi, 4kdl – yUSP UBX-like domain + transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase
    
  • 3by4, 3c0r - yUSP OTU domain + Ub
    
• Ubiquitin thioesterase
  • 3znh – USP OTU domain + Ub – Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus
    
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa TE
  • 2av9, 2o5u, 2o6b, 2o6t, 2o6u, 3qy3 – PaTE – Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    
  • 4qd7 – PaTE hotdog domain
    
  • 4qda, 4qdb – PaTE hotdog domain (mutant)
    
  • 4qd8, 4dq9 – PaTE hotdog domain + acyl-CoA derivatives