Spike protein

Function The coronavirus spike protein (Spi, also called protein S) binds the virus to its host cell via the cell's receptor: angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The trimeric 2019-nCoV Spi binds to ACE2 at least 10 times more tightly than SARS coronavirus . See also ACEII and SARS SARS-CoV-2 protein S SARS-CoV-2 spike protein mutations Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the animation at SARS-CoV-2 protein S priming by furin and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein fusion transformation Disease Numerous viral diseases are causing world-shattering consequences and the current pandemic of CoVID-2019 is the recent one. Relevance The spike protein is a key target for potential therapies and diagnostics. Various antibodies are currently being tested as potential CoVID-2019 antiviral treatment. Structural highlights The SARS-CoV Spi receptor binding domain complex with its cellular receptor - ACE2 - shows the to ACE2 "hot spot".

spinqualitylabelsall models Human coronavirus NL63 spike glycoprotein (magenta) complex with its ligand ACE2 (green) (PDB code 3kbh) Show:Asymmetric Unit Biological Assembly Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate   Export Animated Image

See AlsoSee Also

• SARS-CoV-2 protein S
• SARS-CoV-2 protein S priming by furin where the priming step induced by furin cleavage is animated.
• SARS-CoV-2 spike protein fusion transformation with an animation and explanation of the membrane fusion mechanism.
• SARS-CoV-2 spike protein mutations
• Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
• Prefusion 2019-nCoV spike glycoprotein with a single receptor-binding domain up about 6vsb
• Spike Protein (Hebrew)

3D Structures of spike protein3D Structures of spike protein

Updated on 09-January-2023

{"openlevels":0}

• Human virus spike protein; Domain Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) 318-510; HR1 910-1054; HR2 1162-1286
  • 5wrg, 5xlr, 6acc, 6acd – hscvSpi – human SARS-CoV – Cryo EM
    
  • 6crv, 6crw, 6crx, 6crz, 6cs0, 6cs1 – hscvSpi (mutant) – Cryo EM
    
  • 1wnc – hscvSpi HR1 motif
    
  • 2fxp – hscvSpi HR2 motif - NMR
    
  • 2ghv – hscvSpi RBD
    
  • 5xjk – hscvSpi 758-821 - NMR
    
  • 1wyy – hscvSpi 885-1189
    
  • 1zv7, 1zv8, 1zva, 1zvb – hscvSpi 1150-1193
    
  • 6u7h – hcv229Spi – human coronavirus 229E – Cryo EM
    
  • 5zuv, 5zvm – hcv229Spi HR1 motif 785-873
    
  • 5yl9, 5zhy – hcv229Spi HR1+HR2 motifs
    
  • 5x58, 5x5b – Spi – human SARS coronavirus BJ01 – Cryo EM
    
  • 6vsb, 6vxx, 6vyb – hsc2Spi – human SARS coronavirus 2 – Cryo EM
    
  • 6lxt – hscSpi HR1+HR2 motifs
    
  • 5szs – hcnSpi – human coronavirus NL63 - Cryo EM
    
  • 2ieq – hcnSpi HR1+HR2 motifs
    
  • 5gnb, 5kwb – Spi RBD - human beta coronavirus
    
  • 6cv0 – Spi – infectious bronchitis coronavirus – Cryo EM
    
  • 5fyn – Spi ectodomain - puumala virus - Cryo EM
    
  • 5x59, 5x5c, 5x5f, 6q04, 6q05, 6q06, 6q07 – McvSpi – MERS coronavirus virus – Cryo EM
    
  • 5x4r, 5x4s – McvSpi N-terminal – Cryo EM
    
  • 5vyh – McvSpi N-terminal
    
  • 4zpw, 4kqz – McvSpi RBD
    
  • 4mod – McvSpi HR1+HR2 motifs
    
  • 2lcz, 2lcy - ZevSpi fusion loop 507-560 - Zaire ebolavirus - NMR
    
  • 2m5f, 2mb1 - ZevSpi fusion loop (mutant) - NMR
    
• Human virus spike protein complex
  • 2ajf – hscvSpi RBD + ACEH
    
  • 6nb6, 6nb7 – hscvSpi + antibody - Cryo EM
    
  • 2ghw, 3bgf, 2dd8 – hscvSpi RBD + antibody
    
  • 6lzg – hscvSpi RBD + ACE2
    
  • 6acg, 6acj, 6ack, 6cs2 – hscvSpi + ACE2 - Cryo EM
    
  • 6atk, 6u7f, 6u7g, 6u7e – hcv229Spi RBD + aminopeptidase
    
  • 6m0j, 3d0g, 3d0h, 3d0i, 3sci, 3scj, 3sck, 3scl – hsc2Spi RBD + ACE2
    
  • 5w41 – hsc2Spi RBD + antibody
    
  • 3kbh – hcnSpi RBD + ACE2
    
  • 4kr0 – McvSpi RBD + CD26
    
  • 6pz8, 5w9h, 5w9i, 5w9j, 5w9k, 5w9l, 5w9m, 5w9n, 5w9o, 5w9p – McvSpi + antibody – Cryo EM
    
  • 6j11 – McvSpi N-terminal + antibody
    
  • 5yy5, 5zxv, 4zpt, 4zpv, 5do2, 6c6y, 6c6z, 4xak, 5gmq – McvSpi RBD + antibody
    
  • 4l72 – McvSpi RBD + DPP4
    
  • 5zvk – McvSpi HR1 motif 984-1062 + peptide inhibitor
    
  • 6pci, 6qd8 – ZevSpi + antibody – Cryo EM
    
  • 6uye – ZevSpi + SGP – Cryo EM
    
• Non-human virus spike protein
  • 4h14 – Spi lectin domain 7-290 - bovine coronavirus
    
  • 6b7n, 6bfu – Spi – porcine delta coronavirus – Cryo EM
    
  • 6u7k, 6vv5 – Spi – porcine epidemic diarrhea virus – Cryo EM
    
  • 6qfy – Spi lectin domain 15-300 - porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus
    >
  • 6jhy – Spi N-terminal – camel coronavirus HKU23
    
  • 6jx7 – Spi – feline infectious peritonitis virus – Cryo EM
    
  • 1wdf, 1wdg – mhvSpi – murine hepatitis virus
    
  • 3jcl – mhvSpi – Cryo EM
    
  • 6b3o – mcvSpi residues 718-1252 - murine coronavirus - Cryo EM
    
  • 5gyq – bcvSpi RBD - bat coronavirus
    
  • 5xgr – bcvSpi C-terminal
    
  • 6orj – Spi - Pseudomonas virus phikz164i
    
  • 2vvd, 2vve – Spi RBD - Pseudoalteromonas phage PM2
    
  • 3aqj – Spi 87-211 - Enterobacteria phage P2
    
• Non-human virus spike protein complex
  • 4fsc – Spi RBD + aminopeptidase – porcine respiratory coronavirus
    
  • 6vsj – mcvSpi + MHV-R - Cryo EM
    
  • 4qzv – bcvSpi RBD + DPP4