Matrix metalloproteinase
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are Zinc-dependent endopeptidases. MMP degrades extracellular matrix proteins. MMPs are produced by 28 different genes and are classified according to their protein substrates. They are inhibited by proteases called tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP). The pro-MMP contains a pro-peptide which must be removed to render the MMP active. The images at the left and at the right correspond to one representative MMP, i.e. the crystal structure of human pro MMP1 (1su3). See details of MMP12 in Matrix Metalloproteinase 12. More details of MMP in Matrix metalloproteinases and MT1-MMP-TIMP-1 complex.
MT1-MMP-TIMP-1 complexMT1-MMP-TIMP-1 complex
The human matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) family comprises a large group of structurally homologous zinc-dependent endopeptidases (e.g. (darkmagenta) and (magenta), ) that perform a wide variety of biological roles. In general, the MMPs are inhibited unselectively by all four known tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs 1-4) which have 40-50% sequence identity. For example, can form complex with (1uea, colored orange). (cyan) is mainly composed of the N-terminal segment that approaches the active site, the AB loop (Thr33-Tyr35), the CD loop (Ala65-Cys70), and the EF loop (Thr97-Ser100). The pivotal residue, threonine 98 (Thr98), is shown as red sticks. In general, (Cys1-Ser68, Val69-Met66, Gly71-Met66, Cys70-Glu67, and Cys70-Thr98) are intimately involved in the conformational stability of TIMP binding interface when bound to MMP. (darkmagenta) also forms complex with (2j0t, colored orange), producing as well as . This network of hydrogen bonds stabilizes the CD and EF loops that compose the binding interface. Importantly, the . However, this MT1-MMP-WT-TIMP-1 complex is not tight-binding. MT1-MMP is unique since even though it exhibits high structural homology to all MMPs, it is not inhibited by TIMP-1, (1bqq). (mutant TIMP-1 is colored in yellow with T98L shown in red) transformed TIMP-1 into a high affinity inhibitor of MT1-MMP (3ma2). WT-TIMP-1, WT-TIMP-2, and TIMP-1 T98L mutant have kinetic dissociation binding constant (KD) 1.53 x 10-6, 5.61 x 10-8, and 8.70 x 10-8, respectively. So, KD of WT-TIMP-2 is 2 orders of magnitude smaller than that of WT-TIMP-1, indicating the weak affinity between MT1-MMP and WT-TIMP-1. The TIMP-1 T98L mutant regained high-affinity binding to MT1-MMP, resulting in a 2 order of magnitude decrease in KD, similar to the case for WT-TIMP-2, the in vivo inhibitor of MT1-MMP. The overall structures of the complexes of MT1-MMP-WT-TIMP-1 and MT1-MMP-mutant-T98L-TIMP-1 are . Even the structure of MT3-MMP-WT-TIMP-1 is (with wild-type and TIMP-1 T98L mutant). , which is situated near the MT1-MMP . So, this T98L replacement may stabilize the entire area by establishing a strong hydrophobic core upon binding to the enzyme. However, it seems unlikely that these additional bonds could account for the entire binding effect between MT1-MMP and TIMP-1. Statistical analysis of the stabilities in the TIMP-1 T98L mutant reveals that the hydrogen bonds network in mutant form is significantly more stable than that in WT-TIMP-1. Mutations that enhance hydrogen bond stability contribute to the stability of the bound-like, less flexible, conformation of TIMP-1, which eventually results in increasing binding affinity for MT1-MMP. Thus, mutation affected the instrinsic dynamics of the inhibitor rather than its structure, thereby facilitating the interaction [1].
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3D structures of matrix metalloproteinase3D structures of matrix metalloproteinase
Updated December 2011
MMP1 interstitial collagenaseMMP1 interstitial collagenase
1su3 – pro-hMMP – human
2clt – hMMP (mutant)
3shi - hMMP catalytic domain
MMP2 gelatinase-AMMP2 gelatinase-A
1qib - hMMP catalytic domain (mutant)
1rtg - hMMP hemopexin-like domain
1ks0 – hMMP first fibronectin type II domain – NMR
1cxw - hMMP second fibronectin type II domain – NMR
1j7m - hMMP third fibronectin type II domain (mutant) – NMR
1eak – pro-hMMP catalytic domain (mutant) + peptide inhibitor
3ayu - hMMP catalytic domain (mutant) + peptide inhibitor
1hov, 1eub - hMMP catalytic domain + inhibitor– NMR
1gxd – pro-hMMP (mutant) + TIMP-2
MMP3 stromelysin 1MMP3 stromelysin 1
1qia, 1qic, 1cqr, 1slm - hMMP catalytic domain
3ohl, 3oho, 1g49, 1ciz, 1b8y, 1caq, 1usn, 2usn, 1ums, 1umt, 2d1n, 2d1o, 2ow9, 1bqo, 1g4k - hMMP catalytic domain + inhibitor
1uea - hMMP catalytic domain + TIMP-1
1oo9 - hMMP catalytic domain + TIMP-1 N terminal
2jt5, 2jt6, 2jnp, 3usn, 1sln - hMMP catalytic domain + inhibitor – NMR
MMP7 matrilysinMMP7 matrilysin
2y6c, 2y6d, 2ddy – hMMP residues 95-298 + inhibitor
MMP8 neutrophil collagenaseMMP8 neutrophil collagenase
2oy4 - hMMP catalytic domain
3dng, 3dpe, 3dpf, 1zp5, 1jh1, 1jj9, 1i76, 1a85, 1mmb, 1zs0, 1zvx – hMMP catalytic domain + inhibitor
1i73, 2oy2 - hMMP catalytic domain + peptide inhibitor
MMP9 gelatinase-BMMP9 gelatinase-B
1l6j - pro-hMMP
1gkc - hMMP catalytic domain + inhibitor
2ovx, 2ovz, 2ow0, 2ow1, 2ow2, 1gkd - hMMP catalytic domain (mutant) + inhibitor
MMP10 stromelysin 2MMP10 stromelysin 2
1q3a - hMMP catalytic domain (mutant)
MMP11 stromelysin 3MMP11 stromelysin 3
1hv5 - hMMP catalytic domain + inhibitor
MMP12 macrophageMMP12 macrophage
3ba0, 2oxu - hMMP
2krj, 2k9c - hMMP catalytic domain – NMR
1jk3 - hMMP catalytic domain
2poj - hMMP catalytic domain (mutant) - NMR
2jxy - hMMP hemopexin-like domain - NMR
3n2u, 3n2v, 2wo8, 2wo9, 2woa, 1utt, 1utz, 1ros – hMMP catalytic domain + inhibitor
3lk8, 3lik, 3lil, 3lir, 3ljg, 3nx7, 3lka, 3ehx, 3ehy, 3f15, 3f16, 3f17, 3f18, 3f19, 3f1a, 1y93, 1rmz, 1os2, 1os9, 2hu6 - hMMP catalytic domain (mutant) + inhibitor
2oxn, 2oxz - hMMP catalytic domain (mutant) + peptide
2k2g, 2z2d - hMMP catalytic domain + inhibitor - NMR
2w0d, 1ycm, 1z3j - hMMP catalytic domain (mutant) + inhibitor - NMR
MMP13 collagenase 3MMP13 collagenase 3
1cxv - MMP catalytic domain - mouse
2yig, 3ljz, 3kec, 3kej, 3kek, 3kry, 3i7g, 3i7i, 3elm, 2pjt, 2ozr, 1xuc, 1xud, 1xur, 1you, 1ztq, 3o2x, 3zxh – hMMP catalytic domain + inhibitor
MMP14 Membrane T1MMP14 Membrane T1
3ma2 – hMMP residues 112-292 + TIMP-1 (mutant)
1buv, 1bqq - hMMP + TIMP-2
3c7x – hMMP hemopexin-like domain
MMP16 Membrane T3MMP16 Membrane T3
1rm8 - hMMP catalytic domain + inhibitor
MMP20 enamelysinMMP20 enamelysin
2jsd - hMMP catalytic domain + inhibitor - NMR
MMP23 CA-MMPMMP23 CA-MMP
2k72 – hMMP residues 254-290 - NMR
MMP adamalysinMMP adamalysin
1aig – MMP – diamondback rattlesnake
ReferencesReferences
- ↑ Grossman M, Tworowski D, Dym O, Lee MH, Levy Y, Murphy G, Sagi I. Intrinsic protein flexibility of endogenous protease inhibitor TIMP-1 controls its binding interface and effects its function. Biochemistry. 2010 Jun 14. PMID:20545310 doi:10.1021/bi902141x