Ferredoxin

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Ferredoxin (Fd) is found in chloroplasts which mediates electron transfer and contains an iron-sulfur cluster. It is involved in the photosynthesis process where its iron atoms accept or discharge electrons when they are being oxidized or reduced. The iron-sulfur cluster can contain 2Fe-2S and is termed plant-like or 3Fe-4S or 4Fe-4S clusters (e.g. 4Fe-4S Thermotoga maritima 1vjw to the right). Adrenodoxin (ADR) is a ferredoxin containing a 2Fe-2S group involved in electron transfer from NADPH+ to a cytochrome P-450 in the adrenal gland. Putidaredoxin (PUT) and terpredoxin (TER) are involved in the same reaction in bacteria and contain a 2Fe-2S group.

Structures of the all cysteinyl coordinated D14C variant of ferredoxin from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus have been determined for the <-> and forms (). The [4Fe-4S] form diffracted to 1.7 Å and two different types of molecules were found in the crystal (2z8q). They have different crystal packing and intramolecular disulfide bond conformation. The crystal packing reveals a (shown in blue and green) in adjacent asymmetric units, while (shown in red and yellow). The while the intramolecular disulfide bond in the (, molecule A is shown in blue and molecule B in green). pH dependent equilibrium of D14C [3Fe-4S] P. furiosus ferredoxin between protonated and deprotonated monomers and formation of a disulfide bonded dimer from deprotonated monomers. Fd is short for ferredoxin. Two forms of D14C [3Fe-4S] Pyrococcus furiosus ferredoxin are obtained when purified at pH 8.0: a monomer and a dimer connected by an intermolecular disulfide bond (see static image at the left). When purified at pH 5.8, only the monomer is obtained. The [3Fe-4S] form diffracted to 2.8 Å resolution and showed only the . Crystal packing in (shown in red and orange), which is the same as (1sj1, shown in blue and cyan) even though the space groups are different (see also corresponding side views for ) and ).

spinqualitylabelsall models Ferredoxin Show:Asymmetric Unit Biological Assembly Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate   Export Animated Image

2Fe-2S containing ferredoxins2Fe-2S containing ferredoxins

2kaj, 1dox, 1doy – SyFd +Ga – Synechocystis – NMR
3hui – Fd – Rhodopseudomonas palustris
1off – SyFd
3gce – Fd – Nocardioides aromaticivorans
3lxf – Fd – Novosphingobium aromaticivorans
2e4p, 2e4q - Fd – Pseudomonas sp.
2q3w, 1vm9 - PmFd (mutant) – Pseudomonas mendocina
2i7f, 1uwm - RcFd – Rhodobacter capsulatus
1e9m – RcFd - NMR
1rfk, 3p63 - Fd – Cyanobacterium masticogladus laminosus
1vck - Fd – Pseudomonas resinovorans
1wri, 1frr - Fd – Equisetum arvense
1sjg - PmFd– NMR
1iue - Fd– Plasmodium falciparum
1m2a –AeFd – Aquifex aeolicus
1m2b, 1m2d, 1f37, 1f5b, 1f5c – AeFd (mutant)
1l5p – Fd – Trichomonas vaginalis
1i7h - Fd – Escherichia coli
1czp, 1qt9, 1frd, 1fxa - aFd– anabaena
1j7a, 1j7b, 1j7c , 1qoa, 1qob, 1qof, 1qog- aFd (mutant)
1e0z – Fd – Halobacterium salinarium
1pfd – Fd – Petroselinum crispum – NMR
1a70 - Fd (mutant) – Spinacia oleracea
1awd - Fd – Chlorella fusca
2cjn, 2cjo, 1roe – SyFd – NMR
1rof – SyFd – Synechococcus elongates
1doi - Fd – Haloarcula marismortui
4fxc – Fd – Spirulina platensis
1fxi – Fd – Aphanothece sacrum
3dqy, 2qpz - Fd – Pseudomonas putida
3ab5 – Fd – Cyanidioschyzon merolae

4Fe-4S containing ferredoxins4Fe-4S containing ferredoxins

3eun – AvFd – Allochromatium vinosum
3exy - AvFd (mutant)
2vkr - Fd+Zn – Acidianus ambivalens
2z8q - PfFd (mutant) – Pyrococcus furiosus
1siz - PfFd 2fgo - Fd– Pseudomonas aeruginosa
1iqz, 1ir0 - BtFd – Bacillus thermoproteolyticus
1rgv - Fd – Thauera aromatica
1dax, 1dfd – DaFd – Desulfovibrio africanus – NMR
1fxr - DaFd
1vjw – Fd – Thermotoga maritima

3Fe-4S containing ferredoxins3Fe-4S containing ferredoxins

2v2k – Fd – Mycobacterium smegmatis
1wtf - BtFd (mutant)
1sj1 - PfFd
1fxd - DgFd – Desulfovibrio gigas
1f2g – DgFd – NMR
1xer - Fd – Sulfolobus tokodaii

4Fe-4S+3Fe-4S containing ferredoxins4Fe-4S+3Fe-4S containing ferredoxins

1gao, 6fdr, 7fd1, 7fdr, 1axq, 6fd1, 1frh, 1fri,1frj, 1frk, 1frl, 1frm, 1fda, 1fdb, 1fdd, 5fd1, 1fer – AvFd – Azotobacter vinelandii
1pc4, 1pc5, 1g6b, 1g3o, 1ff2, 1b0v, 1d3w, 1b0t, 1a6l, 1ftc, 1frx, 2fd2, 1fd2 - AvFd (mutant)
1h98 – Fd – Thermus thermophilus
1a8p, 1bd6, 1bc6 - BsFd – Bacillus schlegelii – NMR

4Fe-4S+4Fe-4S containing ferredoxins4Fe-4S+4Fe-4S containing ferredoxins

1dur – Fd – Peptoniphilus asaccarolyticus
1bwe, 1bqx - BsFd (mutant) – NMR
2fdn, 1fca , 1fdn- Fd – Clostridium acidi-urici
1blu - Fd – Chromatium vinosum
1clf – Fd – Clostridium pasteurianum – NMR

AdrenoredoxinAdrenoredoxin

2jqr – ADR Fd domain (mutant)+cytochrome c (mutant) – yeast – NMR
2bt6 – cADR1 modified – cow
1l6u, 1l6v – cADR1 – NMR
1e6e – cADR (mutant)+ADR reductase
1cje, 1ayf - cADR
3na0 – hADR +cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme – human
3p1m - hADR

PutidaredoxinPutidaredoxin

1yji, 1yjj, 1pdx – PpPUT – Pseudomonas putida – NMR
3lb8 – PpPUT (mutant)+PUT reductase
1xln, 1xlo, 1xlp, 1xlq, 1r7s, 1oqq, 1oqr - PpPUT (mutant)
1gpx, 1put- PpPUT (mutant) - NMR

TerpredoxinTerpredoxin

1b9r – TER – Pseudomonas - NMR