Thioredoxin

File:1ert.png

Crystal Structure of Thioredoxin 1ert

Thioredoxin (Trx) is an enzyme which facilitates the reduction of proteins by cysteine thiol-disulfide exchange. They contain a CXXC motif.

• Trx-1 is a mammalian cellular protein.
  
• Trx-2 is mitochondria-specific.
  

In higher plants, Trx are divided to 6 groups based on their sequence. Trx M, X and Y are found in prokaryotes while F, H and O are found in eukaryotes.

3D Structures of Thioredoxin3D Structures of Thioredoxin

Updated on 21-August-2014

TrxTrx

3e3e, 2hsh, 1aiu, 1erv, 1erw, 3m9j, 3m9k, 4oo4 – hTrx (mutant) – human
3kd0 - hTrx (mutant)+CdCl2
1cqg, 1cqh - hTrx (mutant)+Ref-1 peptide – NMR
1mdi, 1mdj, 1mdk - hTrx + Target peptide of NFKB – NMR
2hxk, 2ifq, 2iiy – hTrx S-nitroso
4oo5 - hTrx S-nitroso (mutant)
1auc, 1ert, 1eru, 1trs, 1tru, 1trv, 1trw, 3trx, 4trx - hTrx
3hxs – BfTrx fragment – Bacteroides fragilis
3hyp - BfrxI fragment (mutant)
3hz4 – Trx – Methanosarcina mazei
2k9f - Trx fragment+DsbD N-terminal – Neisseria meningitides – NMR
3die – SaTrx (mutant) – Staphylococcus aureus
2voc - BsTrx (mutant) – Bacillus subtilis
2gzy, 2gzz – BsTrx – NMR
2ipa – BsTrx (mutant)+ArcS (mutant) - NMR
2h6x, 2trx, 1srx – EcTrx
1xoa, 1xob – EcTrx - NMR
1m7t – hTrx/EcTrx chimera - NMR
3dxb – hTrx+Puf60 C-terminal
3emx – Trx – Aeropyrum pernix
2vim – Trx – Fasciola hepatica
2yzu, 2cvk, 1v98 – TtTrx – Thermus thermophilus
2lst – TtTrx - NMR
2e0q – Trx (mutant) – Sulfolobus tokodaii
2o7k – SaTrx
2o85, 2o87, 2o89 – SaTrx (mutant)
2i4a – Trx – Acetobacter aceti
2j23 – Trx – Malassezia sympodialis
2f51 – Trx – Trichomonas vaginalis
1t00 – Trx – Streptomyces coelicolor
1xw9, 1xwa, 1xwb, 1xwc – Trx – Drosophila melanogaster
1rqm, 1nsw, 1nw2 – Trx (mutant) – Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius – NMR
1syr – PfTrx – Plasmodium falciparum
1r26 – Trx – Trypanosoma brucei brucei
1gl8 – Trx – spinach- NMR
1fo5 – Trx – Methanocaldococcus janaschii – NMR
1quw – Trx – Bacillus acidocaldarius – NMR
2l5l – Trx – Bacteroides vulgatus – NMR
2tir, 4hua, 4hu9, 4hu7 - EcTrx (mutant) – Escherichia coli
2xbi – SmTrx – Schistosoma mansoni
2xbq, 2xc2 – SmTrx (mutant)
4i8b - Trx – Schistosoma japonicum
3zzx, 4aj8, 4aj7, 4aj6 – Trx – Litopenaeus vannamei
4fyu – Trx – Wuchereria bancrofti
4knd – Trx – Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans
3vfi – Trx – Silicabacter phage dss3ϕ2
3zij – BcTrx – Bacillus cereus
3zit - BcTrx (mutant)
2k8s – Trx – Nitrosomonas europaea - NMR
2l6c, 2l6d – Trx – Desulfovibrio vulgaris - NMR
2yj7, 2yn1, 2yoi, 2ypm, 3ziv, 4ba7 – ancestral Trx – synthetic
4pob – Trx – Mycobacterium abscessus

Trx-1Trx-1

3f3q, 2i9h – yTrx-1 – yeast
3f3r – yTrx-1 (mutant)
3dyr, 2h6y, 2h6z, 2h70, 2h71, 2h72, 2h73, 2h74, 2h75, 2h76, 2fch, 2fd3, 1keb, 2eio, 2eiq, 2eir, 1zcp, 1zzy, 1txx, 1tho – EcTrx-1 (mutant)
1f6m – EcTrx-1+Trx reductase+AADP+
2o8v - EcTrx-1 (mutant) + PAPS reductase
2ajq – EpTrx-1 (mutant)+DNA primer+DNA template+DNA polymerase – Enterobacteria phage T7
1zyq – EpTrx-1 (mutant)+DNA primer+DNA template+DNA polymerase+ATP
1x9m, 1x9s, 1x9w – EpTrx-1+DNA primer+DNA template+DNA polymerase+N-2-acetylaminofluorene-adducted DNA
1t8e – EpTrx-1 +DNA primer+DNA template+DNA polymerase+dCTP
1tk0 – EpTrx-1+DNA primer+DNA template+DNA polymerase+ddCTP+8-oxo-guanosine
1tk5 - EpTrx-1+DNA primer+DNA template+DNA polymerase+8-oxo-guanosine
1tk8 - EpTrx-1+DNA primer+DNA template+DNA polymerase+dAMP+8-oxo-guanosine
1tkd - EpTrx-1+DNA primer+DNA template+DNA polymerase+dCMP+8-oxo-guanosine
1skr - EpTrx-1+DNA primer+DNA template+DNA polymerase+ddATP
1sks, 1skw, 1sl0, 1sl1, 1sl2 - EpTrx-1+DNA primer+DNA template+DNA polymerase+thymine
1t7p - EpTrx-1+DNA primer+DNA template+DNA polymerase+ddAMP+ddGTP
2bto – Trx-1+tubulin btuba – Prosthecobacter dejongeii
1oaz – Trx-1+immunoglobulin E – rat
3tco - SsTrx-1 fragment – Sulfolobus solfataricus
4j57, 4j56 – PfTrx-1 + Trx reductase (mutant)
3zl5 – SmTrx-1 (mutant)

Trx-2Trx-2

1w4v, 1w89, 1uvz – hTrx-2
3hhv – SsTrx-2 fragment
2fa4 – yTrx-2
2hsy – yTrx-2 - NMR
3pin - yTrx-2+peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase
4dss – yTrx-2 + peroxiredoxin-2
2ppt – Trx-2 – Rhodobacter capsulatus
1thx – Trx-2 – Anabaena
3ul3 – PfTrx-2

Trx-3Trx-3

2oe0, 2oe1, 2oe3 – yTrx-3

Trx CTrx C

2i1u – MtTrx C – Mycobacterium tuberculosis
2l4q, 2l59 – MtTrx C - NMR
3nof – MtTrx (mutant)
3o6t – MtTrx (mutant)+quinol

Trx FTrx F

2pu9 – SsTrx F+ferredoxin thioredoxin reductase – Synechocystis
2pvo - SsTrx F+ferredoxin thioredoxin reductase+ferredoxin 1
1f9m – sTrx F – spinach
1faa - sTrx F (mutant)

Trx HTrx H

3d21 – pTrx H – poplar
3d22 - pTrx H (mutant)
1ti3 - pTrx H - NMR
2vlt, 2vlu, 2vlv, 2vm1, 2vm2 - bTrx H – barley
2iwt - bTrx H+α-amylase subtilisin inhibitor
1wmj – Trx H – Oryza sativa – NMR
1xfl – Trx H – Arabidopsis thaliana - NMR
1ep7 – CrTrx H – Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
1ep8 - CrTrx H (mutant)
1tof - CrTrx H - NMR

Trx MTrx M

2puk - SsTrx M+ferredoxin thioredoxin reductase
1fb0, 1fb6 - sTrx M
1dby – CrTrx M – NMR