Transcriptional activator: Difference between revisions

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<StructureSection load='1h89' size='350' side='right' caption='Structure of transcriptional activator C-Myb DNA-binding domain (deeppink) complex with DNA, CAAT/enhancer binding protein β (cyan and green) and K+ ion (purple) (PDB entry [[1h89]])' scene='55/553105/Cv/1'>
<StructureSection load='1h89' size='350' side='right' caption='Structure of transcriptional activator C-Myb DNA-binding domain (deeppink) complex with DNA, CAAT/enhancer binding protein β (cyan and green) and K+ ion (purple) (PDB entry [[1h89]])' scene='55/553105/Cv/1'>
__TOC__
== Function ==   
== Function ==   
'''Transcriptional activators''' (TA) are proteins which bind to DNA and stimulate nearby gene transcription.  TA transcription stimulation is achieved by enhancing RNA polymerase binding or by enhancing the formation of open complex which is required for initiation of transcription.  TA bind to a specific DNA sequence in or near an operon via their DNA-binding domain (DBD)<ref>PMID:16464826</ref>.
'''Transcriptional activators''' or '''Transcriptional regulators''' (TA) are proteins which bind to DNA and stimulate nearby gene transcription.  TA transcription stimulation is achieved by enhancing RNA polymerase binding or by enhancing the formation of open complex which is required for initiation of transcription.  TA bind to a specific DNA sequence in or near an operon via their DNA-binding domain (DBD)<ref>PMID:16464826</ref>. '''PrfA''' is an activator of virulence genes in ''Listeria monocytogenes''<ref>PMID:10564496</ref>. See also [[Listeriolysin positive regulatory factor A]].


== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
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</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>


== 3D Structures of transcriptional activator==
Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
{{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
*Gcn4 transcriptional activator see [[Gcn4]]
*Gcn5 transcriptional activator
**[[1e6i]] – yTA brododomain + histone H4 peptide - yeast<br />
**[[1ygh]] – yTA histone acetyltransferase domain <br />
*C-Myb  transcriptional activator; domains - DBD repeat 1 38-89; DBD repeat 2 90-141; DBD repeat 3 142-193; TAD 291-315
**[[1mse]], [[1msf]] – mTA DBD repeat 1,2 + DNA - NMR<br />
**[[1mbe]], [[1mbf]] – mTA DBD repeat 1 + DNA – mouse - NMR<br />
**[[1mbg]], [[1mbh]] – mTA DBD repeat 2 + DNA - NMR<br />
**[[1mbj]], [[1mbk]] – mTA DBD repeat 3 + DNA - NMR<br />
**[[1h88]] – mTA DBD repeat 1,2,3 + DNA + CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β<br />
**[[1h89]] – mTA DBD repeat 1,2,3 + DNA + CAAT/enhancer binding protein β<br />
**[[1guu]] – mTA DBD repeat 1  <br />
**[[1gv2]] – mTA DBD repeat 2,3 <br />
**[[1gv5]] – mTA DBD repeat 2  <br />
**[[1gvd]] – mTA DBD repeat 2 (mutant) <br />
**[[1idy]], [[1idz]] – mTA DBD repeat 3 (mutant) - NMR<br />
**[[1sb0]], [[2agh]] – mTA TAD + CREB-binding protein - NMR<br />
**[[2agh]] – mTA TAD + CREB-binding protein + HRX - NMR<br />
**[[6dmx]], [[6dnq]] – mTA TAD + CREB-binding protein + BZIP factor <br />
*Psp operon transcriptional activator
**[[2bjw]] – EcTA AAA domain – ''Escherichia coli''<br />
**[[2bjv]], [[2c9c]], [[4qnm]] – EcTA AAA domain (mutant)<br />
**[[2c96]] – EcTA AAA domain + ATP<br />
**[[4qnr]] – EcTA AAA domain (mutant) + ATP<br />
**[[4qos]] – EcTA AAA domain (mutant) + ADP<br />
**[[2c98]] – EcTA AAA domain + ADP<br />
**[[2c99]] – EcTA AAA domain + AMPPNP<br />
**[[2vii]] – EcTA AAA domain + AMP + Mg<br />
**[[5nss]] – EcTA AAA domain + RNAP subunits αββ'ω + DNA - Cryo EM<br />
*TenA transcriptional activator
**[[1tyh]], [[1yaf]] – BsTA – ''Bacillus subtilis''<br />
**[[2qzc]] – TA – ''Sulfolobus solfataricus''<br />
**[[3no6]] – TA – ''Staphylococcus epidermidis''<br />
**[[1yak]] – BsTA + pyrimidine derivative<br />
**[[2qcx]] – BsTA (mutant) + pyrimidine derivative<br />
*LasR transcriptional activator or transcriptional regulator LasR
**[[6mww]] – PaTA – ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa''<br />
**[[2uv0]] – PaTA LBD residues 1-173<br />
**[[3ix3]] – PaTA LBD + oxo-dodecanoyl-homoserine lactone<br />
**[[3ix4]], [[3ix8]], [[3jpu]], [[6d6a]], [[6d6b]], [[6d6c]], [[6d6d]], [[6d6l]], [[6d6m]], [[6d6n]], [[6d6o]], [[6d6p]] – PaTA LBD + benzoate derivative<br />
**[[6mwl]] – PaTA + oxothiolan derivative<br />
**[[6mwh]] – PaTA + acetamide derivative<br />
**[[4ng2]] – PaTA LBD + protein<br />
**[[6mwz]] – PaTA (mutant) + peptide<br />
*CadC transcriptional activator; domains - DBD 1-107; periplasmic 188-512
**[[3ly7]], [[3lya]] – EcTA periplasmic domain <br />
**[[3ly8]], [[3ly9]] – EcTA periplasmic domain (mutant)<br />
**[[5ju7]] – EcTA DBD domain <br />
*CynR transcriptional activator
**[[2hxr]] – EcTA LBD <br />
**[[3hfu]] – EcTA LBD + N3<br />
*Mal-Rpel transcriptional activator
**[[2v51]], [[2v52]] – mTA residues 16-41 + actin <br />
**[[2yje]], [[2yjf]] – mTA Rpel domain + actin <br />
*Brg1 transcriptional activator
**[[5ea1]] – hTA bromodomain - human<br />
**[[3uvd]] – hTA bromodomain + pyrrolidone derivative <br />
**[[5dkd]] – hTA bromodomain + pyridine derivative <br />
*VP30 transcriptional activator
**[[2i8b]] – TA C terminal – Zaire ebolavirus<br />
**[[3v7o]] – TA C terminal – Reston ebolavirus<br />
*TraR transcriptional activator
**[[1v4r]] – AtTA N-terminal - ''Streptomyces'' - NMR  <br />
**[[1l3l]] – AtTA + pheromone + DNA – ''Agrobacterium tumefaciens'' <br />
**[[1h0m]] – AtTA + auto-inducer + DNA  <br />
**[[5w1s]] – EcTA + RNAP subunits αββ'ω + PROD + DNA <br />
*Flagelar transcriptional activator
**[[1g8e]] – EcTA  FLHD<br />
**[[2avu]] – EcTA  FLHC+FLHD<br />
*TipA transcriptional activator
**[[1ny9]] – SlTA  antibiotic binding domain – ''Streptomyces lividans'' - NMR<br />
**[[2mbz]], [[2mc0]] - SlTA  antibiotic binding domain + thiopeptide - NMR<br />
**[[2vz4]] – SlTA DBD + DNA<br />
*MtaN transcriptional activator
**[[1r8d]], [[1jbg]] – BsTA N-terminal <br />
**[[4p54]] – TA (mutant) - ''Helicobacter pylori'' <br />
*RfaH transcriptional activator
**[[2oug]] – EcTA  <br />
**[[2lcl]] – EcTA C terminal - NMR<br />
**[[5ond]] – EcTA (mutant) + DNA <br />
*SoxR transcriptional activator
**[[2zhh]] – EcTA  <br />
**[[2zhg]] – EcTA  + DNA<br />
*AmpR transcriptional activator
**[[3kos]] – CfTA  effector binding domain – ''Citrobacter freundii''<br />
**[[3kot]] – CfTA  effector binding domain (mutant)<br />
**[[4wkm]] – CfTA  effector binding domain + peptide<br />
**[[5mmh]] – PaTA  effector binding domain<br />
*GlxR transcriptional activator
**[[4byy]] – CgTA – ''Corynebacterium glutamicum'' <br />
**[[3r6s]], [[4cyd]] – CgTA + cAMP  <br />
*OxyR transcriptional activator
**[[3t22]], [[3ho7]], [[3uki]] – TA regulatory domain – ''Porphyromonas gingivalis'' <br />
**[[3jvt]] – TA – ''Neiserria meningitidis'' <br />
**[[4x6g]] – PaTA (mutant)  <br />
**[[4y0m]] – PaTA regulatory domain  <br />
**[[4xws]] – PaTA regulatory domain (mutant)  <br />
**[[5x0v]] – VvTA-2 regulatory domain - ''Vibrio vulnificus'' <br />
**[[5x0q]], [[5b70]], [[5b7d]], [[5b7h]] – VvTA-2 regulatory domain (mutant)<br />
*PlcR transcriptional activator
**[[4fsc]] – BtTA - ''Bacillus thuringiensis'' <br />
**[[2qfc]] – BtTA + PAPR peptide  <br />
**[[3u3w]] – BtTA + DNA + PAPR peptide  <br />
*VirB transcriptional activator
**[[3vwb]], [[3w2a]], [[3w3c]] – TA  core domain + DNA – ''Shigella flexneri''<br />
*MafA transcriptional activator
**[[4eot]] – hTA  DBD<br />
*CysB transcriptional activator
**[[4gwo]], [[4gxa]], [[4lon]], [[4lp2]] – StTA C terminal – ''Salmonella typhimurium''<br />
**[[4lq2]], [[4lq5]], [[4m4g]] – StTA C terminal + acetylserine<br />
**[[1al3]] – TA cofactor binding domain – ''Klebsiella aerogenes''<br />
**[[5z50]] – PaTA regulatory domain <br />
**[[5z4y]] – PaTA NTD domain <br />
*HlyU transcriptional activator
**[[4k2e]], [[4ooi]] – TA  - ''Vibrio cholerae''<br />
**[[3jth]] – VvTA  <br />
**[[5znx]] – TA  + inhibitor - ''Vibrio vulnificus''<br />
*Aft2 transcriptional activator
**[[4lmg]] – yTA + DNA<br />
*Cmpr  transcriptional activator
**[[5z49]] – TA effector-binding domain + ribulose bisphosphate – Synechococcus elongatus<br />
*Mga  transcriptional activator
**[[5way]] – TA – Streptococcus pneumoniae<br />
*RhaR  transcriptional activator
**[[5u9e]], [[5u93]] – TA regulatory domain – Bacteria latreille<br />
*Spt7  transcriptional activator
**[[6t9k]], [[6t9i]] – yTA in SAGA – Cryo EM<br />
}}
== References ==
== References ==
<references/>
<references/>
[[Category:Topic Page]]
[[Category:Topic Page]]

Latest revision as of 09:48, 20 August 2024

Function

Transcriptional activators or Transcriptional regulators (TA) are proteins which bind to DNA and stimulate nearby gene transcription. TA transcription stimulation is achieved by enhancing RNA polymerase binding or by enhancing the formation of open complex which is required for initiation of transcription. TA bind to a specific DNA sequence in or near an operon via their DNA-binding domain (DBD)[1]. PrfA is an activator of virulence genes in Listeria monocytogenes[2]. See also Listeriolysin positive regulatory factor A.

Structural highlights

TA contains 3 domains: DBD, trans-activating domain (TAD) which binds coregulator proteins and an optional ligand-binding domain (LBD) which senses external signals.

  • (PDB entry 1h89).
  • .
  • . Water molecules are shown as red spheres.

3D Structures of transcriptional activator

Transcriptional activator 3D structures


Structure of transcriptional activator C-Myb DNA-binding domain (deeppink) complex with DNA, CAAT/enhancer binding protein β (cyan and green) and K+ ion (purple) (PDB entry 1h89)

Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate

ReferencesReferences

  1. ↑ Titz B, Thomas S, Rajagopala SV, Chiba T, Ito T, Uetz P. Transcriptional activators in yeast. Nucleic Acids Res. 2006 Feb 7;34(3):955-67. Print 2006. PMID:16464826 doi:http://dx.doi.org/34/3/955
  2. ↑ Renzoni A, Cossart P, Dramsi S. PrfA, the transcriptional activator of virulence genes, is upregulated during interaction of Listeria monocytogenes with mammalian cells and in eukaryotic cell extracts. Mol Microbiol. 1999 Nov;34(3):552-61. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01621.x. PMID:10564496 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01621.x

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Michal Harel, Alexander Berchansky
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