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Crystal Structure Of An N-terminal Fragment Of The Phenylalanyl-tRNA Synthetase Beta-Subunit From Pyrococcus HorikoshiiCrystal Structure Of An N-terminal Fragment Of The Phenylalanyl-tRNA Synthetase Beta-Subunit From Pyrococcus Horikoshii
Structural highlights
FunctionEvolutionary Conservation Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf. Publication Abstract from PubMedTo achieve accurate aminoacylation of tRNAs with their cognate amino acids, errors in aminoacylation are corrected by the "editing" mechanism in several aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (PheRS) hydrolyzes, or edits, misformed tyrosyl-tRNA with its editing domain in the beta subunit. We report the crystal structure of an N-terminal fragment of the PheRS beta subunit (PheRS-beta(N)) from the archaeon, Pyrococcus horikoshii, at 1.94-A resolution. PheRS-beta(N) includes the editing domain B3/4, which has archaea/eukarya-specific insertions/deletions and adopts a different orientation relative to other domains, as compared with that of bacterial PheRS. Surprisingly, most residues constituting the editing active-site pocket were substituted between the archaeal/eukaryal and bacterial PheRSs. We prepared Ala-substituted mutants of P. horikoshii PheRS for 16 editing-pocket residues, of which 12 are archaea/eukarya-specific and four are more widely conserved. On the basis of their activities, Tyr-adenosine was modeled on the B3/4-domain structure. First, the mutations of Leu-202, Ser-211, Asp-234, and Thr-236 made the PheRS incorrectly hydrolyze the cognate Phe-tRNA(Phe), indicating that these residues participate in the Tyr hydroxy group recognition and are responsible for discrimination against Phe. Second, the mutations of Leu-168 and Arg-223, which could interact with the tRNA 3'-terminal adenosine, reduced Tyr-tRNA(Phe) deacylation activity. Third, the mutations of archaea/eukarya-specific Gln-126, Glu-127, Arg-137, and Asn-217, which are proximal to the ester bond to be cleaved, also reduced Tyr-tRNA(Phe) deacylation activity. In particular, the replacement of Asn-217 abolished the activity, revealing its absolute requirement for the catalysis. Structural and mutational studies of the amino acid-editing domain from archaeal/eukaryal phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase.,Sasaki HM, Sekine S, Sengoku T, Fukunaga R, Hattori M, Utsunomiya Y, Kuroishi C, Kuramitsu S, Shirouzu M, Yokoyama S Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Oct 3;103(40):14744-9. Epub 2006 Sep 26. PMID:17003130[1] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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