Aldehyde dehydrogenase
Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) converts aldehydes to carboxylic acids while reducing NAD+ to NADH. In mammals there are 3 classes of ALDH and each contain constitutive and inducible forms. Class 1 is cytosolic; class 2 mitochondrial; class 3 found in tumors, stomach and cornea. ALDH family 7 member A1 is known as antiquitin and functions in the detoxification of aldehydes. Glyceraldehyde-3-phophate (G3P)-ALDH is called GAPDH.
3D Structures of Aldehyde dehydrogenase3D Structures of Aldehyde dehydrogenase
Update May 2012
ALDH class 1ALDH class 1
3fx4 – ALDH1 + NADP + inhibitor – pig
1bxs – ALDH1 - sheep
1o9j – ALDH1 + NAD – Elephant shrew
3rhj, 3rhl, 3rho, 3rhp, 3rhq, 3rhr – rALDH1 C- terminal (mutant) + NADP – rat
3rhm - rALDH1 C- terminal
1hso – hALDH1 α subunit + Zn + NAD
1ht0 – hALDH1 γ subunit (mutant) + Zn + NAD
ALDH class 2ALDH class 2
3n80, 1o05 – hALDH2 residues 18-517- human
3n81, 2onn, 2ono, 1zum – hALDH2 residues 18-517 (mutant)
1ag8 – bALDH NAD binding domain - bovine
Binary complex
3inj, 3inl - hALDH2 residues 18-517 + agonist
2vle - hALDH2 residues 24-517 + daidzin
1nzx, 1nzz, 1o00, 1o02, 1cw3 - hALDH2 residues 18-517 + NAD
3n82, 3n83, 2onm, 2onp, 1nzw, 1o04 – hALDH2 residues 18-517 (mutant) + NADH
3sz9 - hALDH2 residues 18-517 + inhibitor
1a4z – bALDH2 NAD-binding domain + NAD
Ternary complex
1o01 - hALDH2 residues 18-517 + NADH + aldehyde
ALDH class 3ALDH class 3
1ad3 – rALDH
3sza - hALDH
3qj5, 3szb – hALDH + inhibitor
NAD-dependent ALDHNAD-dependent ALDH
2w8n, 2w8o, 2w8r – Succinate–semi-hALDH family 5
2w8p - Succinate–semi-hALDH family 5 (mutant)
3r31 – Betaine-ALDH – Agrobacterium tumefaciens
3ed6 - Betaine-SaALDH – Staphylococcus aureus
1a4s - Betaine-cALDH - cod
3llg – Aspartate-semi-MtALDH
2cq8 - Formyltetrahydrofolate-hALDH PP-binding domain - NMR
2nac – Formate-PsALDH
3i44 – ALDH – Bartonella henselae
3ek1 – ALDH – Brucella melitensis
3ros – ALDH – Lactobacillus acidophilus
3r64 – ALDH – Corynebacterium glutamicum
3rhe – Benzaldehyde-ALDH – Legionella pneumophila
3u4j – SmALDH – Sinorhizobium meliloti
Binary complexes
2w8q - Succinate–semi-hALDH family 5 + succinic acid
3fg0 - Betaine-SaALDH + NAD
1bpw - Betaine-cALDH + NAD
2j6l – Aminoadipate-semi-hALDH family 7 + NAD
2cfi - Formyltetrahydrofolate-hALDH hydrolase domain + formyltetrahydropterin
2nad - Formate-PsALDH + NAD – Pseudomonas
1bi9 – Retinal-rALDH2 + NAD
3l4p, 1sij – ALDH + AsO3 – Desulfovibrio gigas
4a0m – spALDH + NAD – spinach
3iwk – amino-ALDH + NAD – pea
3ju8 - Succinylglutamic–semi-PaALDH + NAD – Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Ternary complexes
2gsd – Formate-ALDH + NAD + azide – Moraxella
1nvm – Acetaldehyde-PsALDH + 4-hydroxy-oxovalerate aldolase + NAD
1llu - PaALDH + NAD + alcohol
NAD-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenaseNAD-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
1vsu – CpGAPDH – Cryptosporidium parvum
1ywg – PfGAPDH – Plasmodium falciparum
3cmc - GAPDH – Bacillus stearothermophilus
2ep7 – GAPDH – Aquifex aeolicus
2i5p – GAPDH – Kluyveromyces marxianus
1obf – GAPDH – Achromobacter xylosoxidans
1crw – PvGAPDH – Palinurus versicolor
1b7g – GAPDH – Sulfolobus solfataricus
2gd1 – GsGAPDH – Geobacillus stearothermophilus
3e6a – OsGAPDH – Oryza sativa
4gpd, 1gpd – GAPDH – lobster
3l6o, 3lc7 – SaGAPDH
1dc3, 1dc5, 1s7c – EcGAPDH - Escherichia coli
GAPDH binary complex
1k3t - TcGAPDH + inhibitor
3hja - GAPDH + NAD – Borellia burgdorferi
1vsv, 3cps - CpGAPDH + NAD
2vyn, 2vyv - rGAPDH residues 102-432 + EcGAPDH + NAD
2b4r, 2b4t – PfGAPDH (mutant) + NAD
1j0x – GAPDH + NAD – rabbit
1ihx – PvGAPDH + NAD
1dss, 1szj - PvGAPDH NAD-binding and catalytic domains+ NAD
1ihy – PvGAPDH + ADP-ribose
1gyq, 1gyp - LmGAPDH + NAD derivative – Leishmania mexicana
1i32, 1i33 – LmGAPDH + inhibitor
1a7k – LmGAPDH + NAD
1cer, 2g82 - GAPDH + NAD – Thermus aquaticus
1gd1 - GsGAPDH + NAD
1npt, 1nq5, 1dbv, 2dbv, 3dbv, 4dbv - GsGAPDH (mutant) + NAD
3e5r – OsGAPDH + NAD
3k73, 3lvf – SaGAPDH + NAD
3lc2 - SaGAPDH + G3P
3k9q, 3ksd, 3lc1, 3hq4 - SaGAPDH (mutant) + NAD
3gpd, 1u8f, 1znq – hGAPDH + NAD
1gad, 1dc6 - EcGAPDH + NAD
1gae - EcGAPDH (mutant) + NAD
1dc4 – EcGAPDH + G3P
GAPDH ternary complex
3id5, 3dmt, 1ml3 – TcGAPDH + NAD + inhibitor – Trypanosoma cruzi
1qxs - TcGAPDH + NAD + G3P analog
3cif - CpGAPDH + NAD + G3P
1nqa, 1nqo - GsGAPDH (mutant) + NAD + G3P
3ksz, 3kv3, 3l4s - SaGAPDH (mutant) + NAD + G3P
NADP-dependent ALDHNADP-dependent ALDH
3k2w - Betaine-ALDH – Pseudoalteromonas atlantica
2hg2, 2opx – Lactaldehyde-EcALDH
2o2p – Formyltetrahydrofolate-rALDH C-terminal
2y51, 2y52, 2y53, 2y5d – BxALDH (mutant) – Burkholderia xenovorans
3ifg, 3ifh - Succinate–semi-ALDH – Burkholderia pseudomallei
3rh9 - Succinate–semi-ALDH – Marinobacter aquaeolei
3uw3 - aspartate–semi-ALDH – Burkholderia thailandensis
3vc4 - SmALDH
Binary complexes
2wox, 2wme, 2xdr, 3zqa - Betaine-PaALDH + NADP
3lv1 – Benzaldehyde-PpALDH3 + NADP – Pseudomonas putida
2ilu - Lactaldehyde-EcALDH + NADP
3rhd - Lactaldehyde-MjALDH + NADP - Methanocaldococcus jannaschii
2o2q, 2o2r - Formyltetrahydrofolate-rALDH C-terminal + NADP
3b4w - MtALDH + NADP – Mycobacterium tuberculosis
1eyy, 1ez0 – ALDH + NADP – Vibrio harveyi
3jz4 - Succinate–semi-EcALDH + NADP
3hsk - aspartate–semi-ALDH + NADP – Candida albicans
Ternary complexes
3lns - Benzaldehyde-PpALDH3 + NADP + benzoate
2imp - Lactaldehyde-EcALDH + NADH + lactate
2vro – BxALDH + NADP + alcohol
NADP-dependent glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenaseNADP-dependent glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
1euh - SmGAPDH – Streptococcus mutans
1qi6 - SmGAPDH (mutant)
GAPDH binary complex
2euh - SmGAPDH + NADP
2yyy – MjGAPDH + NADP
2pkq - spGAPDH subunit A, B + NADP
2pkr, 1rm4, 1jn0 - spGAPDH subunit A + NADP
1rm3, 1rm5 - spGAPDH subunit A (mutant) + NADP
2czc – GAPDH + NADP – Pyrococcus horikoshii
GAPDH ternary complex
2esd, 1qi1 – SmGAPDH (mutant) + NADP + G3P
3k9d – ALDH – Listeria monocytogenes
AntiquitinAntiquitin
2jg7 – Antiquitin – Acanthopagrus schlegeli
3my7 – ALDH – Vibrio parahaemolyticus