6ecr: Difference between revisions

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<StructureSection load='6ecr' size='340' side='right'caption='[[6ecr]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.20&Aring;' scene=''>
<StructureSection load='6ecr' size='340' side='right'caption='[[6ecr]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.20&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6ecr]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6ECR OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6ECR FirstGlance]. <br>
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6ecr]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6ECR OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6ECR FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ACT:ACETATE+ION'>ACT</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAP:NADP+NICOTINAMIDE-ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE+PHOSPHATE'>NAP</scene></td></tr>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.2&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1dig|1dig]]</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ACT:ACETATE+ION'>ACT</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAP:NADP+NICOTINAMIDE-ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE+PHOSPHATE'>NAP</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">MTHFD1, MTHFC, MTHFD ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6ecr FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6ecr OCA], [https://pdbe.org/6ecr PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6ecr RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6ecr PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6ecr ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6ecr FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6ecr OCA], [http://pdbe.org/6ecr PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6ecr RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6ecr PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6ecr ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
</table>
== Disease ==
== Disease ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/C1TC_HUMAN C1TC_HUMAN]] Defects in MTHFD1 may be a cause of susceptibility to folate-sensitive neural tube defects (FS-NTD) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/601634 601634]]. The most common NTDs are open spina bifida (myelomeningocele) and anencephaly. Genetic defects in MTHFD1 may affect the risk of spina bifida via the maternal rather than the embryonic genotype.<ref>PMID:9611072</ref> <ref>PMID:12384833</ref> <ref>PMID:16552426</ref>  Genetic variation in MTHFD1 could be associated with susceptibility to colorectal cancer (CRC) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/114500 114500]].
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/C1TC_HUMAN C1TC_HUMAN] Defects in MTHFD1 may be a cause of susceptibility to folate-sensitive neural tube defects (FS-NTD) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/601634 601634]. The most common NTDs are open spina bifida (myelomeningocele) and anencephaly. Genetic defects in MTHFD1 may affect the risk of spina bifida via the maternal rather than the embryonic genotype.<ref>PMID:9611072</ref> <ref>PMID:12384833</ref> <ref>PMID:16552426</ref>  Genetic variation in MTHFD1 could be associated with susceptibility to colorectal cancer (CRC) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/114500 114500].
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/C1TC_HUMAN C1TC_HUMAN]  
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Enzymes involved in tetrahydrofolate metabolism are of particular pharmaceutical interest, as their function is crucial for amino acid and DNA biosynthesis. The crystal structure of the human cytosolic methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase (DC301) domain of a trifunctional enzyme has been determined previously with a bound NADP cofactor. While the substrate binding site was identified to be localized in a deep and rather hydrophobic cleft at the interface between two protein domains, the unambiguous assignment of catalytic residues was not possible. We succeeded in determining the crystal structures of three ternary DC301/NADP/inhibitor complexes. Investigation of these structures followed by site-directed mutagenesis studies allowed identification of the amino acids involved in catalysis by both enzyme activities. The inhibitors bind close to Lys56 and Tyr52, residues of a strictly conserved motif for active sites in dehydrogenases. While Lys56 is in a good position for chemical interaction with the substrate analogue, Tyr52 was found stacking against the inhibitors' aromatic rings and hence seems to be more important for proper positioning of the ligand than for catalysis. Also, Ser49 and/or Cys147 were found to possibly act as an activator for water in the cyclohydrolase step. These and the other residues (Gln100 and Asp125), with which contacts are made, are strictly conserved in THF dehydrogenases. On the basis of structural and mutagenesis data, we propose a reaction mechanism for both activities, the dehydrogenase and the cyclohydrolase.
The enzymes involved in folate metabolism are key drug targets for cell-growth modulation, and accurate crystallographic structures provide templates to be exploited for structure-based ligand design. In this context, three ternary complex structures of human methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase have been published [Schmidt et al. (2000), Biochemistry, 39, 6325-6335] and potentially represent starting points for the development of new antifolate inhibitors. However, an inspection of the models and the deposited data revealed deficiencies and raised questions about the validity of the structures. A number of inconsistencies relating to the publication were also identified. Additional refinement was carried out with the deposited data, seeking to improve the models and to then validate the complex structures or correct the record. In one case, the inclusion of the inhibitor in the structure was supported and alterations to the model allowed details of enzyme-ligand interactions to be described that had not previously been discussed. For one weak inhibitor, the data suggested that the ligand may adopt two poses in the binding site, both with few interactions with the enzyme. In the third case, that of a potent inhibitor, inconsistencies were noted in the assignment of the chemical structure and there was no evidence to support the inclusion of the ligand in the active site.


Structures of three inhibitor complexes provide insight into the reaction mechanism of the human methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase.,Schmidt A, Wu H, MacKenzie RE, Chen VJ, Bewly JR, Ray JE, Toth JE, Cygler M Biochemistry. 2000 May 30;39(21):6325-35. PMID:10828945<ref>PMID:10828945</ref>
An assessment of three human methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase-ligand complexes following further refinement.,Bueno R, Dawson A, Hunter WN Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun. 2019 Mar 1;75(Pt 3):148-152. doi:, 10.1107/S2053230X18018083. Epub 2019 Feb 20. PMID:30839287<ref>PMID:30839287</ref>


From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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__TOC__
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Human]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Bueno, R V]]
[[Category: Bueno RV]]
[[Category: Dawson, A]]
[[Category: Dawson A]]
[[Category: Hunter, W N]]
[[Category: Hunter WN]]
[[Category: Bifunctional protein]]
[[Category: Cyclohydrolase]]
[[Category: Dehydrogenase]]
[[Category: Oxidoreductase]]

Latest revision as of 09:23, 11 October 2023

The human methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase (FolD) complexed with NADPThe human methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase (FolD) complexed with NADP

Structural highlights

6ecr is a 2 chain structure with sequence from Homo sapiens. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
Method:X-ray diffraction, Resolution 2.2Å
Ligands:,
Resources:FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT

Disease

C1TC_HUMAN Defects in MTHFD1 may be a cause of susceptibility to folate-sensitive neural tube defects (FS-NTD) [MIM:601634. The most common NTDs are open spina bifida (myelomeningocele) and anencephaly. Genetic defects in MTHFD1 may affect the risk of spina bifida via the maternal rather than the embryonic genotype.[1] [2] [3] Genetic variation in MTHFD1 could be associated with susceptibility to colorectal cancer (CRC) [MIM:114500.

Function

C1TC_HUMAN

Publication Abstract from PubMed

The enzymes involved in folate metabolism are key drug targets for cell-growth modulation, and accurate crystallographic structures provide templates to be exploited for structure-based ligand design. In this context, three ternary complex structures of human methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase have been published [Schmidt et al. (2000), Biochemistry, 39, 6325-6335] and potentially represent starting points for the development of new antifolate inhibitors. However, an inspection of the models and the deposited data revealed deficiencies and raised questions about the validity of the structures. A number of inconsistencies relating to the publication were also identified. Additional refinement was carried out with the deposited data, seeking to improve the models and to then validate the complex structures or correct the record. In one case, the inclusion of the inhibitor in the structure was supported and alterations to the model allowed details of enzyme-ligand interactions to be described that had not previously been discussed. For one weak inhibitor, the data suggested that the ligand may adopt two poses in the binding site, both with few interactions with the enzyme. In the third case, that of a potent inhibitor, inconsistencies were noted in the assignment of the chemical structure and there was no evidence to support the inclusion of the ligand in the active site.

An assessment of three human methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase-ligand complexes following further refinement.,Bueno R, Dawson A, Hunter WN Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun. 2019 Mar 1;75(Pt 3):148-152. doi:, 10.1107/S2053230X18018083. Epub 2019 Feb 20. PMID:30839287[4]

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

See Also

References

  1. ↑ Hol FA, van der Put NM, Geurds MP, Heil SG, Trijbels FJ, Hamel BC, Mariman EC, Blom HJ. Molecular genetic analysis of the gene encoding the trifunctional enzyme MTHFD (methylenetetrahydrofolate-dehydrogenase, methenyltetrahydrofolate-cyclohydrolase, formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase) in patients with neural tube defects. Clin Genet. 1998 Feb;53(2):119-25. PMID:9611072
  2. ↑ Brody LC, Conley M, Cox C, Kirke PN, McKeever MP, Mills JL, Molloy AM, O'Leary VB, Parle-McDermott A, Scott JM, Swanson DA. A polymorphism, R653Q, in the trifunctional enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase/formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase is a maternal genetic risk factor for neural tube defects: report of the Birth Defects Research Group. Am J Hum Genet. 2002 Nov;71(5):1207-15. Epub 2002 Oct 16. PMID:12384833 doi:S0002-9297(07)60415-7
  3. ↑ Parle-McDermott A, Kirke PN, Mills JL, Molloy AM, Cox C, O'Leary VB, Pangilinan F, Conley M, Cleary L, Brody LC, Scott JM. Confirmation of the R653Q polymorphism of the trifunctional C1-synthase enzyme as a maternal risk for neural tube defects in the Irish population. Eur J Hum Genet. 2006 Jun;14(6):768-72. PMID:16552426 doi:5201603
  4. ↑ Bueno R, Dawson A, Hunter WN. An assessment of three human methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase-ligand complexes following further refinement. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun. 2019 Mar 1;75(Pt 3):148-152. doi:, 10.1107/S2053230X18018083. Epub 2019 Feb 20. PMID:30839287 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S2053230X18018083

6ecr, resolution 2.20Å

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