Ricin: Difference between revisions
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{{STRUCTURE_2r3d| PDB=2r3d | SIZE=400| SCENE= |right|CAPTION=Castor bean ricin complex with acetamide and sulfate, [[2r3d]] }} | {{STRUCTURE_2r3d| PDB=2r3d | SIZE=400| SCENE= |right|CAPTION=Castor bean ricin complex with acetamide and sulfate, [[2r3d]] }} | ||
==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
Ricin is a potent cytotoxi that is synthesized in the endosperm cells of maturing Riccinus seeds(1). Ricin belongs to a small multi gene family(2) that is composed of eight members. It is also important to mention that Ricin is classified as a type II heterodimeric Ribosome Inactivatiing protein(1). | Ricin is a potent cytotoxi that is synthesized in the endosperm cells of maturing Riccinus seeds(1). Ricin belongs to a small multi gene family(2) that is composed of eight members. It is also important to mention that Ricin is classified as a type II heterodimeric Ribosome Inactivatiing protein(1). | ||
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==Physiology== | ==Physiology== | ||
The mechanism deployed by Ricin to gain entry to a host cell uses the heterogenic properties given to the toxin. Firstly the toxin arranges itself in such a way where its B chain can easily interact with the host cells receptors, and once acknowledgement happens, the B chain can fascilitate transport of the A chain into the cytoplasm(2). This association between the A and B chain is essential for toxicity(2) without it the Ricin would not be able to gain access to the cells organelles rendering it useless. Once the A chain gains entry into the cytosol its mechanism for attack of the ribosome is depurination of a single endenosine residue in 28S Ribosomal RNA(3) and this inhibits protein synthesis | The mechanism deployed by Ricin to gain entry to a host cell uses the heterogenic properties given to the toxin. Firstly the toxin arranges itself in such a way where its B chain can easily interact with the host cells receptors, and once acknowledgement happens, the B chain can fascilitate transport of the A chain into the cytoplasm(2). This association between the A and B chain is essential for toxicity(2) without it the Ricin would not be able to gain access to the cells organelles rendering it useless. Once the A chain gains entry into the cytosol its mechanism for attack of the ribosome is depurination of a single endenosine residue in 28S Ribosomal RNA(3) and this inhibits protein synthesis | ||
==3D structures of ricin== | |||
===Ricin A chain (RTA)=== | |||
[[1j1m]], [[1ift]], [[2aai]], [[1rtc]] – RTA<br /> | |||
[[3lc9]], [[3mk9]], [[2vc4]], [[1uq4]], [[1uq5]], [[1obs]] – RTA (mutant) | |||
===Ricin A chain binary complexes=== | |||
[[3px8]] – RTA preproricin + 7-carboxy-pterin<br /> | |||
[[1br5]], [[1br6]] - RTA + pterin derivative<br /> | |||
[[3px9]] - RTA preproricin + furanylmethyl-carbamoyl-pterin<br /> | |||
[[3lc9]], [[3mk9]], [[2vc4]], [[1uq4]], [[1uq5]], [[1obs]] – RTA (mutant) <br /> | |||
[[3hio]] – RTA + tetranucleotide<br /> | |||
[[3ej5]], [[2il5]] – RTA pyrimidine derivative<br /> | |||
[[2p8n]], [[1ifs]] – RTA + adenine<br /> | |||
[[2pjo]], [[2r2x]] – RTA + urea derivative<br /> | |||
[[2r3d]] – RTA + acetamide<br /> | |||
[[2vc3]] - RTA (mutant) + acetate<br /> | |||
[[1il3]], [[2il4]], [[2il9]] – RTA + guanine derivative<br /> | |||
[[1ifu]], [[1fmp]] – RTA + formycin<br /> | |||
[[1obt]] - RTA (mutant) + AMP<br /> | |||
[[1apg]] – RTA + RNA | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||