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[[ | ==Structure-activity relationship guides enantiomeric preference among potent inhibitors of B. anthracis dihydrofolate reductase== | ||
<StructureSection load='4elb' size='340' side='right' caption='[[4elb]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.60Å' scene=''> | |||
== Structural highlights == | |||
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4elb]] is a 8 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus_anthracis_str._sterne Bacillus anthracis str. sterne]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4ELB OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4ELB FirstGlance]. <br> | |||
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=34R:(2E)-3-{5-[(2,4-DIAMINOPYRIMIDIN-5-YL)METHYL]-2,3-DIMETHOXYPHENYL}-1-[(1R)-1-PHENYLPHTHALAZIN-2(1H)-YL]PROP-2-EN-1-ONE'>34R</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=34S:(2E)-3-{5-[(2,4-DIAMINOPYRIMIDIN-5-YL)METHYL]-2,3-DIMETHOXYPHENYL}-1-[(1S)-1-PHENYLPHTHALAZIN-2(1H)-YL]PROP-2-EN-1-ONE'>34S</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CA:CALCIUM+ION'>CA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene></td></tr> | |||
<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[3fl8|3fl8]], [[3fl9|3fl9]], [[3ele|3ele]], [[3elf|3elf]], [[4elg|4elg]], [[4elh|4elh]]</td></tr> | |||
<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">BAS2083, BA_2237, dfrA, DHFR, GBAA_2237 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=260799 Bacillus anthracis str. Sterne])</td></tr> | |||
<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihydrofolate_reductase Dihydrofolate reductase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=1.5.1.3 1.5.1.3] </span></td></tr> | |||
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4elb FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4elb OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4elb RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4elb PDBsum]</span></td></tr> | |||
</table> | |||
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> | |||
== Publication Abstract from PubMed == | |||
Background: Bacterial resistance to antibiotic therapies is increasing and new treatment options are badly needed. There is an overlap between these resistant bacteria and organisms classified as likely bioterror weapons. For example, Bacillus anthracis is innately resistant to the anti-folate trimethoprim due to sequence changes found in the dihydrofolate reductase enzyme. Development of new inhibitors provides an opportunity to enhance the current arsenal of anti-folate antibiotics while also expanding the coverage of the anti-folate class. Methods: We have characterized inhibitors of B. anthracis dihydrofolate reductase by measuring the K(i) and MIC values and calculating the energetics of binding. This series contains a core diaminopyrimidine ring, a central dimethoxybenzyl ring, and a dihydrophthalazine moiety. We have altered the chemical groups extended from a chiral center on the dihydropyridazine ring of the phthalazine moiety. The interactions for the most potent compounds were visualized by X-ray structure determination. Results: We find that the potency of individual enantiomers is divergent with clear preference for the S-enantiomer, while maintaining a high conservation of contacts within the binding site. The preference for enantiomers seems to be predicated largely by differential interactions with protein residues Leu29, Gln30 and Arg53. Conclusions: These studies have clarified the activity of modifications and of individual enantiomers, and highlighted the role of the less-active R-enantiomer in effectively diluting the more active S-enantiomer in racemic solutions. This directly contributes to the development of new antimicrobials, combating trimethoprim resistance, and treatment options for potential bioterrorism agents. | |||
Structure-activity relationship for enantiomers of potent inhibitors of B. anthracis dihydrofolate reductase.,Bourne CR, Wakeham N, Nammalwar B, Tseitin V, Bourne PC, Barrow EW, Mylvaganam S, Ramnarayan K, Bunce RA, Berlin KD, Barrow WW Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013 Jan;1834(1):46-52. doi: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2012.09.001. , Epub 2012 Sep 20. PMID:22999981<ref>PMID:22999981</ref> | |||
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br> | |||
</div> | |||
==See Also== | |||
*[[Dihydrofolate reductase|Dihydrofolate reductase]] | |||
== | == References == | ||
[[ | <references/> | ||
__TOC__ | |||
</StructureSection> | |||
[[Category: Bacillus anthracis str. sterne]] | [[Category: Bacillus anthracis str. sterne]] | ||
[[Category: Dihydrofolate reductase]] | [[Category: Dihydrofolate reductase]] | ||
[[Category: Barrow, W W | [[Category: Barrow, W W]] | ||
[[Category: Bourne, C R | [[Category: Bourne, C R]] | ||
[[Category: Oxidoreductase-oxidoreductase inhibitor complex]] | [[Category: Oxidoreductase-oxidoreductase inhibitor complex]] | ||
Revision as of 20:10, 9 December 2014
Structure-activity relationship guides enantiomeric preference among potent inhibitors of B. anthracis dihydrofolate reductaseStructure-activity relationship guides enantiomeric preference among potent inhibitors of B. anthracis dihydrofolate reductase
Structural highlights
Publication Abstract from PubMedBackground: Bacterial resistance to antibiotic therapies is increasing and new treatment options are badly needed. There is an overlap between these resistant bacteria and organisms classified as likely bioterror weapons. For example, Bacillus anthracis is innately resistant to the anti-folate trimethoprim due to sequence changes found in the dihydrofolate reductase enzyme. Development of new inhibitors provides an opportunity to enhance the current arsenal of anti-folate antibiotics while also expanding the coverage of the anti-folate class. Methods: We have characterized inhibitors of B. anthracis dihydrofolate reductase by measuring the K(i) and MIC values and calculating the energetics of binding. This series contains a core diaminopyrimidine ring, a central dimethoxybenzyl ring, and a dihydrophthalazine moiety. We have altered the chemical groups extended from a chiral center on the dihydropyridazine ring of the phthalazine moiety. The interactions for the most potent compounds were visualized by X-ray structure determination. Results: We find that the potency of individual enantiomers is divergent with clear preference for the S-enantiomer, while maintaining a high conservation of contacts within the binding site. The preference for enantiomers seems to be predicated largely by differential interactions with protein residues Leu29, Gln30 and Arg53. Conclusions: These studies have clarified the activity of modifications and of individual enantiomers, and highlighted the role of the less-active R-enantiomer in effectively diluting the more active S-enantiomer in racemic solutions. This directly contributes to the development of new antimicrobials, combating trimethoprim resistance, and treatment options for potential bioterrorism agents. Structure-activity relationship for enantiomers of potent inhibitors of B. anthracis dihydrofolate reductase.,Bourne CR, Wakeham N, Nammalwar B, Tseitin V, Bourne PC, Barrow EW, Mylvaganam S, Ramnarayan K, Bunce RA, Berlin KD, Barrow WW Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013 Jan;1834(1):46-52. doi: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2012.09.001. , Epub 2012 Sep 20. PMID:22999981[1] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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