Lactoperoxidase: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 12:39, 26 March 2024

Function

Lactoperoxidase (LPO) catalyzes the oxidation of thiocyanate, bromide and iodide using hydrogen peroxide. LPO is the second most abundant enzyme in milk. Heme is the cofactor of LPO. LPO contains a strongly-chelated calcium ion^[1].

Relevance

The short-lived oxidized intermediates of the LPO reaction serve as potent bactericidal agents^[2]. LPO is used as an antimicrobial agent in milk and its products, in cosmetics, toothpaste and ophthalmic solutions.

Structural highlights

The ^[3]. Water molecules shown as red spheres. .

Glycosylated bovine lactoferrin containing heme complex with thiocyanate, I- (purple) and Ca+2 (green) ions (PDB entry 3eri)

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3D structures of lactoperoxidase3D structures of lactoperoxidase

Updated on 26-March-2024

Lactoperoxidase binary complex
- 2pt3 - bPLO + phosphate - bovine
- 2nqx, 5b72 – bPLO + I
- 7dlq – bPLO + H2O2
- 2r5l – gLPO + I – goat
- 3nak – gLPO + formate
- 6ky7, 7c73, 7c74, 7c75, 7d52, 7dao, 7de5, 7dmr – yPLO + Ca - yak
- 7c74 - yLPO + Cl
- 6l32, 6l42, 7d52, 6l5g, 7c75 - yLPO + Zn
- 6lqw, 7y3u – yPLO + H2O2
- 7c73 – yPLO + phosphoserine
Lactoperoxidase ternary complex
- 2ips, 3eri, 3gc1, 6a4y, 6lco, 6m7e, 7dn7 – bLPO + SCN + I
- 2qrb – bLPO + SCN + Cl
- 3bxi – bLPO + SCN + nitrate
- 4pnx - bPLO + bromomethane + I
- 2pum – bPLO + catechol + I
- 3krq – bLPO + amino-triazole + I
- 6kmk – bPLO + H2O2 + phosphoserine
- 7dlq, 7dn6 – bPLO + H2O2 + I
- 2z5z – wbPLO + F + I – water buffalo
- 2o86 – wbPLO + nitrate + I
- 3erh - wbLPO + SCN + I
- 7de5 - yLPO + SCN + I
- 2ojv – gPLO + CN + I
- 3n8f - gLPO + SCN + nitrate
- 5ff1 - gLPO + methimazole + nitrate
- 5hpw - gLPO + propyl-thiouracil + nitrate
- 3niu – gLPO + diethylene glycol + phosphate
- 3rke - gPLO + inhibitor + I
- 2ikc – sLPO + carbonate + formate – sheep
- 7ve3 - sLPO + hypoiodite + I
Lactoperoxidase quaternary complex
- 3gcj, 2qpk - bPLO + salicylhydroxamic acid + SCN + I
- 3gck - bPLO + benzylhydroxamic acid + SCN + I
- 3uba, 4gm7 - bPLO + hydroxycinnamic acid + SCN + I
- 3gcl, 2qqt - bPLO + aspirin + SCN + I
- 3i6n - bPLO + isoniazid + SCN + I
- 4ksz - bPLO + cystein + SCN + I
- 5wv3 - bPLO + oxidosulfanyl-methanamine + Br + I
- 7dlq - bPLO + Br + Cl + SCN + I
- 7wyj - bPLO + indomethacin + SCN + I
- 3py4, 6m7e - bPLO + paracetamol + SCN + I
- 7dn6 - bPLO + phenyliso-SCN + SCN + I
- 7dn7 - bPLO + nitro-phenoxymethanesulfonanilide+ SCN + I
- 8y9x, 4njb, 6lco - bPLO + pyridine derivative + SCN + I
- 3r4x, 5zgs - bPLO + pyrazine derivative + SCN + I
- 3r5o - bPLO + methoxyphenol + SCN + I
- 3tgy - bPLO + ascorbate + SCN + I
- 3v6q - bPLO + CO + SCN + I
- 6l9t - bLPO + Zn + OSCN + I
- 5gls - bLPO + butyl-triazole + SCN + I
- 5gh0 - bLPO + mercaptoimidazole + nitrate + carbonate
- 2gjm - wbPLO + carbonate + SCN + I
- 3faq – wbLPO + CN + SCN + I
- 3fnl - wbPLO + salicylhydroxamic acid + SCN + I
- 4y55 - wbLPO + rhodanide + SCN + I
- 2e9e – gPLO + nitrate + carbonate + SCN + CN
- 2efb – gPLO + phosphate + carbonate + SCN + CN
- 3qf1 - gPLO + piperazine + SCN + I
- 8ing - gPLO + acrylonitrile + SCN + I
- 4msf, 4oek - gPLO + phenol derivative+ SCN + I
- 2eha – gPLO + formate + carbonate + SCN
- 3r55, 6lf7 - gPLO + pyrazine derivative + SCN + I
- 3sxv - gPLO + amitrole + SCN + I
- 4qjq - gPLO + octopamine + SCN + I
- 6lf7 - gPLO + hypocyanite + SCN + H2O2 + I
- 7ve3 - sPLO +tetrahydrofuran + SCN + I
- 6ky7, 6l2j – yPLO + H2O2 + phosphoserine + SCN + I

ReferencesReferences

↑ Gerson C, Sabater J, Scuri M, Torbati A, Coffey R, Abraham JW, Lauredo I, Forteza R, Wanner A, Salathe M, Abraham WM, Conner GE. The lactoperoxidase system functions in bacterial clearance of airways. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2000 Jun;22(6):665-71. PMID:10837362
↑ Gerson C, Sabater J, Scuri M, Torbati A, Coffey R, Abraham JW, Lauredo I, Forteza R, Wanner A, Salathe M, Abraham WM, Conner GE. The lactoperoxidase system functions in bacterial clearance of airways. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2000 Jun;22(6):665-71. PMID:10837362
↑ Sheikh IA, Singh AK, Singh N, Sinha M, Singh SB, Bhushan A, Kaur P, Srinivasan A, Sharma S, Singh TP. Structural evidence of substrate specificity in mammalian peroxidases: structure of the thiocyanate complex with lactoperoxidase and its interactions at 2.4 A resolution. J Biol Chem. 2009 May 29;284(22):14849-56. Epub 2009 Apr 1. PMID:19339248 doi:10.1074/jbc.M807644200

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

Michal Harel, Alexander Berchansky, Joel L. Sussman, Jaime Prilusky

[1] Gerson C, Sabater J, Scuri M, Torbati A, Coffey R, Abraham JW, Lauredo I, Forteza R, Wanner A, Salathe M, Abraham WM, Conner GE. The lactoperoxidase system functions in bacterial clearance of airways. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2000 Jun;22(6):665-71. PMID:10837362

[2] Gerson C, Sabater J, Scuri M, Torbati A, Coffey R, Abraham JW, Lauredo I, Forteza R, Wanner A, Salathe M, Abraham WM, Conner GE. The lactoperoxidase system functions in bacterial clearance of airways. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2000 Jun;22(6):665-71. PMID:10837362

[3] Sheikh IA, Singh AK, Singh N, Sinha M, Singh SB, Bhushan A, Kaur P, Srinivasan A, Sharma S, Singh TP. Structural evidence of substrate specificity in mammalian peroxidases: structure of the thiocyanate complex with lactoperoxidase and its interactions at 2.4 A resolution. J Biol Chem. 2009 May 29;284(22):14849-56. Epub 2009 Apr 1. PMID:19339248 doi:10.1074/jbc.M807644200

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-<StructureSection load='3eri' size='450' side='right' caption='Glycosylated bovine lactoferrin containing heme complex with thiocyanate, I- (purple) and Ca+2 (green) ions  (PDB entry [[3eri]])' scene='48/487283/Cv/1'>
+<StructureSection load='3eri' size='350' side='right' caption='Glycosylated bovine lactoferrin containing heme complex with thiocyanate, I- (purple) and Ca+2 (green) ions  (PDB entry [[3eri]])' scene='48/487283/Cv/1'>
 == Function ==
 '''Lactoperoxidase''' (LPO) catalyzes the oxidation of thiocyanate, bromide and iodide using hydrogen peroxide.  LPO is the second most abundant enzyme in milk.  Heme is the cofactor of LPO.  LPO contains a strongly-chelated calcium ion<ref>PMID:10837362</ref>.
@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 == Structural highlights ==
-The <scene name='48/487283/Cv/3'>peroxidation of thiocyanate catalyzed by LPO occurs at the heme cavity site</scene><ref>PMID:19339248</ref>. <scene name='48/487283/Cv/5'>Whole active site</scene>. Water molecules shown as red spheres.
+The <scene name='48/487283/Cv/6'>peroxidation of thiocyanate catalyzed by LPO occurs at the heme cavity site</scene><ref>PMID:19339248</ref>. Water molecules shown as red spheres. <scene name='48/487283/Cv/7'>Whole active site</scene>.
 </StructureSection>
@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 **[[2pt3]] - bPLO + phosphate - bovine<br />
-**[[2nqx]] – bPLO + I<br />
+**[[2nqx]], [[5b72]] – bPLO + I<br />
+**[[7dlq]] – bPLO + H2O2<br />
 **[[2r5l]] – gLPO + I – goat<br />
 **[[3nak]] – gLPO + formate<br />
-**[[4ig5]], [[4qyq]] – gLPO + antithyroid agent<br />
+**[[6ky7]], [[7c73]], [[7c74]], [[7c75]], [[7d52]], [[7dao]], [[7de5]], [[7dmr]] – yPLO + Ca - yak<br />
+**[[7c74]] - yLPO + Cl <br />
+**[[6l32]], [[6l42]], [[7d52]], [[6l5g]], [[7c75]] - yLPO + Zn <br />
+**[[6lqw]], [[7y3u]] – yPLO + H2O2<br />
+**[[7c73]] – yPLO + phosphoserine<br />
 *Lactoperoxidase ternary complex
-**[[2gj1]] – bLPO + carbonate + nitrate <br />
+**[[2ips]], [[3eri]], [[3gc1]], [[6a4y]], [[6lco]], [[6m7e]], [[7dn7]] – bLPO + SCN + I<br />
-**[[2ips]], [[3eri]], [[3gc1]] – bLPO + SCN + I<br />
 **[[2qrb]] – bLPO + SCN + Cl<br />
 **[[3bxi]] – bLPO + SCN + nitrate<br />
 **[[4pnx]] - bPLO + bromomethane + I<br />
 **[[2pum]] – bPLO + catechol + I<br />
-**[[2gj1]] – bLPO + carbonate + nitrate <br />
 **[[3krq]] – bLPO + amino-triazole + I<br />
+**[[6kmk]] – bPLO + H2O2 + phosphoserine<br />
+**[[7dlq]], [[7dn6]] – bPLO + H2O2 + I<br />
 **[[2z5z]] – wbPLO + F + I – water buffalo<br />
 **[[2o86]] – wbPLO + nitrate + I<br />
 **[[3erh]] - wbLPO + SCN + I<br />
+**[[7de5]] - yLPO + SCN + I<br />
 **[[2ojv]] – gPLO + CN + I<br />
 **[[3n8f]] - gLPO + SCN + nitrate<br />
+**[[5ff1]] - gLPO + methimazole + nitrate<br />
+**[[5hpw]] - gLPO + propyl-thiouracil + nitrate<br />
 **[[3niu]] – gLPO + diethylene glycol + phosphate<br />
 **[[3rke]] - gPLO + inhibitor + I<br />
-**[[2ikc]] – sLPO + carbonate + formate – sheep
+**[[2ikc]] – sLPO + carbonate + formate – sheep<br />
+**[[7ve3]] - sLPO + hypoiodite + I<br />
 *Lactoperoxidase quaternary complex
@@ Line 50: / Line 59: @@
 **[[3i6n]] - bPLO + isoniazid + SCN + I<br />
 **[[4ksz]] - bPLO + cystein + SCN + I<br />
-**[[3nyh]] - bPLO + Br + Cl + SCN + I<br />
+**[[5wv3]] - bPLO + oxidosulfanyl-methanamine + Br + I<br />
-**[[3ogw]] - bPLO + indomethacin + SCN + I<br />
+**[[7dlq]] - bPLO + Br + Cl + SCN + I<br />
-**[[3py4]], [[4gn6]] - bPLO + paracetamol + SCN + I<br />
+**[[7wyj]] - bPLO + indomethacin + SCN + I<br />
-**[[3q9k]] - bPLO + phenyliso-SCN + SCN + I<br />
+**[[3py4]], [[6m7e]] - bPLO + paracetamol + SCN + I<br />
-**[[3ql6]] - bPLO + nitro-phenoxymethanesulfonanilide+ SCN + I<br />
+**[[7dn6]] - bPLO + phenyliso-SCN + SCN + I<br />
-**[[3s4f]], [[4njb]], [[4nt3]] - bPLO + pyridine derivative + SCN + I<br />
+**[[7dn7]] - bPLO + nitro-phenoxymethanesulfonanilide+ SCN + I<br />
-**[[3r4x]], [[3tuw]] - bPLO + pyrazine derivative + SCN + I<br />
+**[[8y9x]], [[4njb]], [[6lco]] - bPLO + pyridine derivative + SCN + I<br />
+**[[3r4x]], [[5zgs]] - bPLO + pyrazine derivative + SCN + I<br />
 **[[3r5o]] - bPLO + methoxyphenol + SCN + I<br />
 **[[3tgy]] - bPLO + ascorbate + SCN + I<br />
 **[[3v6q]] - bPLO + CO + SCN + I<br />
+**[[6l9t]] - bLPO + Zn + OSCN + I<br />
+**[[5gls]] - bLPO + butyl-triazole + SCN + I<br />
+**[[5gh0]] - bLPO + mercaptoimidazole + nitrate + carbonate<br />
 **[[2gjm]] - wbPLO + carbonate + SCN + I<br />
 **[[3faq]] – wbLPO + CN + SCN + I<br />
 **[[3fnl]] - wbPLO + salicylhydroxamic acid + SCN + I<br />
+**[[4y55]] - wbLPO + rhodanide + SCN + I<br />
 **[[2e9e]] – gPLO + nitrate + carbonate + SCN + CN<br />
 **[[2efb]] – gPLO + phosphate + carbonate + SCN + CN<br />
 **[[3qf1]] - gPLO + piperazine + SCN + I<br />
-**[[4ljj]] - gPLO + acrylonitrile + SCN + I<br />
+**[[8ing]] - gPLO + acrylonitrile + SCN + I<br />
 **[[4msf]], [[4oek]] - gPLO + phenol derivative+ SCN + I<br />
 **[[2eha]] – gPLO + formate + carbonate + SCN<br />
-**[[3r55]], [[4n7a]] - gPLO + pyrazine derivative + SCN + I<br />
+**[[3r55]], [[6lf7]] - gPLO + pyrazine derivative + SCN + I<br />
 **[[3sxv]] - gPLO + amitrole + SCN + I<br />
-**[[3r5q]] - sPLO +tetrahydrofuran + SCN + I<br />
 **[[4qjq]] - gPLO + octopamine + SCN + I<br />
-**[[4s0y]] - bLPO + butyl-triazole + SCN + I<br />
+**[[6lf7]] - gPLO + hypocyanite + SCN + H2O2 + I<br />
-**[[4y55]] - wbLPO + rhodanide + SCN + I<br />
+**[[7ve3]] - sPLO +tetrahydrofuran + SCN + I<br />
+**[[6ky7]], [[6l2j]] – yPLO + H2O2 + phosphoserine + SCN + I<br />
 }}