Spike protein: Difference between revisions

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<StructureSection load='5xlr' size='340' side='right' caption='Human SARS coronavirus trimer (PDB code [[5xlr]])' scene=''>
<StructureSection load='3kbh' size='340' side='right' caption='Human coronavirus NL63 spike glycoprotein (magenta) complex with its ligand ACE2 (green) (PDB code [[3kbh]])' scene='84/840522/Cv/2'>
10.1002/ijch.201300024</ref> or to the article describing Jmol <ref>PMID:21638687</ref> to the rescue.


== Function ==
== Function ==
The coronavirus '''spike protein''' (Spi, also called ''protein S'') binds the virus to its host cell via the cell's receptor: angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The trimeric 2019-nCoV Spi binds to ACE2 at least 10 times more tightly than SARS coronavirus <ref>PMID:32075877</ref>. See also
*[[Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme#ACEII and SARS|ACEII and SARS]]<br />
*[[SARS-CoV-2 protein S]]<br />
*[[SARS-CoV-2 spike protein mutations]]<br />
*[[Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)]]<br />
* and the animation at [[SARS-CoV-2 protein S priming by furin]] and [[SARS-CoV-2 spike protein fusion transformation]]


== Disease ==
== Disease ==
Numerous viral diseases are causing world-shattering consequences and the current pandemic of CoVID-2019 is the recent one.


== Relevance ==
== Relevance ==
The spike protein is a key target for potential therapies and diagnostics.  Various antibodies are currently being tested as potential CoVID-2019 antiviral treatment<ref>PMID:32065055</ref>.


== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==


</StructureSection>
The SARS-CoV Spi receptor binding domain complex with its cellular receptor - ACE2 - shows the <scene name='84/840522/Cv/3'>interactions</scene> to ACE2 "hot spot"<ref>PMID:19901337</ref>.
== See Also ==
*[[SARS-CoV-2 protein S]]
*[[SARS-CoV-2 protein S priming by furin]] where the priming step induced by furin cleavage is '''animated'''.
*[[SARS-CoV-2 spike protein fusion transformation]] with an '''animation''' and explanation of the membrane fusion mechanism.
*[[SARS-CoV-2 spike protein mutations]]
*[[Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)]]
*[[User:Andre Wu Le Chun/Sandbox 1|Prefusion 2019-nCoV spike glycoprotein with a single receptor-binding domain up]] about [[6vsb]]
*[[Spike Protein (Hebrew)]]


== 3D Structures of spike protein ==
== 3D Structures of spike protein ==


Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
[[Spike protein 3D structures]]
{{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
 
* Human virus spike protein; Domain Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) 318-510; HR1 910-1054; HR2 1162-1286
 
**[[5wrg]], [[5xlr]], [[6acc]], [[6acd]] – hscvSpi – human SARS-CoV – Cryo EM <br />
**[[6crv]], [[6crw]], [[6crx]], [[6crz]], [[6cs0]], [[6cs1]] – hscvSpi (mutant) – Cryo EM <br />
**[[1wnc]] – hscvSpi HR1 motif <br />
**[[2fxp]] – hscvSpi HR2 motif - NMR<br />
**[[2ghv]] – hscvSpi RBD<br />
**[[5xjk]] – hscvSpi 758-821 - NMR<br />
**[[1wyy]] – hscvSpi 885-1189<br />
**[[1zv7]], [[1zv8]], [[1zva]], [[1zvb]] – hscvSpi 1150-1193<br />
**[[6u7h]] – hcv229Spi – human coronavirus 229E – Cryo EM <br />
**[[5zuv]], [[5zvm]] – hcv229Spi HR1 motif 785-873 <br />
**[[5yl9]], [[5zhy]] – hcv229Spi HR1+HR2 motifs<br />
**[[5x58]], [[5x5b]] – Spi – human SARS coronavirus BJ01 – Cryo EM <br />
**[[6vsb]], [[6vxx]], [[6vyb]] – hsc2Spi – human SARS coronavirus 2 – Cryo EM <br />
**[[6lxt]] – hscSpi HR1+HR2 motifs<br />
**[[5szs]] – hcnSpi – human coronavirus NL63 - Cryo EM<br />
**[[2ieq]] – hcnSpi HR1+HR2 motifs <br />
**[[5gnb]], [[5kwb]] – Spi RBD - human beta coronavirus<br />
**[[6cv0]] – Spi – infectious bronchitis coronavirus – Cryo EM <br />
**[[5fyn]] – Spi ectodomain - puumala virus - Cryo EM<br />
**[[5x59]], [[5x5c]], [[5x5f]], [[6q04]], [[6q05]], [[6q06]], [[6q07]] – McvSpi – MERS coronavirus virus – Cryo EM <br />
**[[5x4r]], [[5x4s]] – McvSpi N-terminal – Cryo EM <br />
**[[5vyh]] – McvSpi N-terminal<br />
**[[4zpw]], [[4kqz]] – McvSpi RBD<br />
**[[4mod]] – McvSpi HR1+HR2 motifs <br />
**[[2lcz]], [[2lcy]] - ZevSpi fusion loop 507-560 - Zaire ebolavirus - NMR<br />
**[[2m5f]], [[2mb1]] - ZevSpi fusion loop (mutant) - NMR<br />
 
* Human virus spike protein complex
 
**[[2ajf]] – hscvSpi RBD + ACEH<br />
**[[6nb6]], [[6nb7]] – hscvSpi + antibody - Cryo EM<br />
**[[2ghw]], [[3bgf]], [[2dd8]] – hscvSpi RBD + antibody<br />
**[[6lzg]] – hscvSpi RBD + ACE2<br />
**[[6acg]], [[6acj]], [[6ack]], [[6cs2]] – hscvSpi + ACE2 - Cryo EM<br />
**[[6atk]], [[6u7f]], [[6u7g]], [[6u7e]] – hcv229Spi RBD + aminopeptidase <br />
**[[6m0j]], [[3d0g]], [[3d0h]], [[3d0i]], [[3sci]], [[3scj]], [[3sck]], [[3scl]] – hsc2Spi RBD + ACE2<br />
**[[5w41]] – hsc2Spi RBD + antibody<br />
**[[3kbh]] – hcnSpi RBD + ACE2<br />
**[[4kr0]] – McvSpi RBD + CD26<br />
**[[6pz8]], [[5w9h]], [[5w9i]], [[5w9j]], [[5w9k]], [[5w9l]], [[5w9m]], [[5w9n]], [[5w9o]], [[5w9p]] – McvSpi + antibody – Cryo EM <br />
**[[6j11]] – McvSpi N-terminal + antibody<br />
**[[5yy5]], [[5zxv]], [[4zpt]], [[4zpv]], [[5do2]], [[6c6y]], [[6c6z]], [[4xak]], [[5gmq]] – McvSpi RBD + antibody<br />
**[[4l72]] – McvSpi RBD + DPP4<br />
**[[5zvk]] – McvSpi HR1 motif 984-1062 + peptide inhibitor<br />
**[[6pci]], [[6qd8]] – ZevSpi + antibody – Cryo EM <br />
**[[6uye]] – ZevSpi + SGP – Cryo EM <br />
 
*Non-human virus spike protein
 
**[[4h14]] – Spi lectin domain 7-290 - bovine coronavirus<br />
**[[6b7n]], [[6bfu]] – Spi – porcine delta coronavirus – Cryo EM <br />
**[[6u7k]], [[6vv5]] – Spi – porcine epidemic diarrhea virus – Cryo EM <br />
**[[6qfy]] – Spi lectin domain 15-300 - porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus<br />>
**[[6jhy]] – Spi N-terminal – camel coronavirus HKU23<br />
**[[6jx7]] – Spi – feline infectious peritonitis virus – Cryo EM <br />
**[[1wdf]], [[1wdg]] – mhvSpi – murine hepatitis virus<br />
**[[3jcl]] – mhvSpi – Cryo EM<br />
**[[6b3o]] – mcvSpi residues 718-1252 - murine coronavirus - Cryo EM<br />
**[[5gyq]] – bcvSpi RBD - bat coronavirus<br />
**[[5xgr]] – bcvSpi C-terminal<br />
**[[6orj]] – Spi - Pseudomonas virus phikz164i<br />
**[[2vvd]], [[2vve]] – Spi RBD - Pseudoalteromonas phage PM2<br />
**[[3aqj]] – Spi 87-211 - Enterobacteria phage P2<br />
 
*Non-human virus spike protein complex
 
**[[4fsc]] – Spi RBD + aminopeptidase – porcine respiratory coronavirus <br />
**[[6vsj]] – mcvSpi + MHV-R - Cryo EM<br />
**[[4qzv]] – bcvSpi RBD + DPP4<br />
}}


== References ==
== References ==
<references/>
<references/>
</StructureSection>
[[Category:Topic Page]]
[[Category:Topic Page]]

Latest revision as of 13:15, 4 December 2023


Function

The coronavirus spike protein (Spi, also called protein S) binds the virus to its host cell via the cell's receptor: angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The trimeric 2019-nCoV Spi binds to ACE2 at least 10 times more tightly than SARS coronavirus [1]. See also

Disease

Numerous viral diseases are causing world-shattering consequences and the current pandemic of CoVID-2019 is the recent one.

Relevance

The spike protein is a key target for potential therapies and diagnostics. Various antibodies are currently being tested as potential CoVID-2019 antiviral treatment[2].

Structural highlights

The SARS-CoV Spi receptor binding domain complex with its cellular receptor - ACE2 - shows the to ACE2 "hot spot"[3].

See Also

3D Structures of spike protein

Spike protein 3D structures

References

  1. ↑ Wrapp D, Wang N, Corbett KS, Goldsmith JA, Hsieh CL, Abiona O, Graham BS, McLellan JS. Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation. Science. 2020 Feb 19. pii: science.abb2507. doi: 10.1126/science.abb2507. PMID:32075877 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abb2507
  2. ↑ Tian X, Li C, Huang A, Xia S, Lu S, Shi Z, Lu L, Jiang S, Yang Z, Wu Y, Ying T. Potent binding of 2019 novel coronavirus spike protein by a SARS coronavirus-specific human monoclonal antibody. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020 Feb 17;9(1):382-385. doi:, 10.1080/22221751.2020.1729069. eCollection 2020. PMID:32065055 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2020.1729069
  3. ↑ Wu K, Li W, Peng G, Li F. Crystal structure of NL63 respiratory coronavirus receptor-binding domain complexed with its human receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Nov 24;106(47):19970-4. Epub 2009 Nov 9. PMID:19901337


Human coronavirus NL63 spike glycoprotein (magenta) complex with its ligand ACE2 (green) (PDB code 3kbh)

Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate

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Michal Harel, Alexander Berchansky, Joel L. Sussman, Eric Martz
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