Harmonin

Function

Harmonin (Harm) or Usher syndrome protein is a scaffold PDZ-containing protein which integrates three Usher syndrome (USH) type proteins to USH1-protein network^[1]. Harm and cadherin 23 form a complex by PDZ domain interactions^[2].

Disease

A defect in harmonin which is expressed in the inner ear hair cells causes USH type 1C^[3]. Defects in the formation of USH-protein complex are predicted to disrupt stereocilia bundles and cause deafness in USH1 patients.

Structural highlights

. The mutation of D458V in the Usher syndrome type 1G protein causes deaf-blindness^[4].

Human harmonin N-terminal and PDZ1 domain (skyblue) complex with Usher syndrome type 1G protein (green) (PDB code 3k1r)

Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate

3D Structures of harmonin3D Structures of harmonin

Updated on 27-April-2023

ReferencesReferences

↑ Reiners J, van Wijk E, Marker T, Zimmermann U, Jurgens K, te Brinke H, Overlack N, Roepman R, Knipper M, Kremer H, Wolfrum U. Scaffold protein harmonin (USH1C) provides molecular links between Usher syndrome type 1 and type 2. Hum Mol Genet. 2005 Dec 15;14(24):3933-43. Epub 2005 Nov 21. PMID:16301216 doi:http://dx.doi.org/ddi417
↑ Siemens J, Kazmierczak P, Reynolds A, Sticker M, Littlewood-Evans A, Muller U. The Usher syndrome proteins cadherin 23 and harmonin form a complex by means of PDZ-domain interactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Nov 12;99(23):14946-51. doi:, 10.1073/pnas.232579599. Epub 2002 Oct 29. PMID:12407180 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.232579599
↑ Verpy E, Leibovici M, Zwaenepoel I, Liu XZ, Gal A, Salem N, Mansour A, Blanchard S, Kobayashi I, Keats BJ, Slim R, Petit C. A defect in harmonin, a PDZ domain-containing protein expressed in the inner ear sensory hair cells, underlies Usher syndrome type 1C. Nat Genet. 2000 Sep;26(1):51-5. PMID:10973247 doi:10.1038/79171
↑ Yan J, Pan L, Chen X, Wu L, Zhang M. The structure of the harmonin/sans complex reveals an unexpected interaction mode of the two Usher syndrome proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Feb 8. PMID:20142502

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Michal Harel, Joel L. Sussman, Alexander Berchansky

[1] Reiners J, van Wijk E, Marker T, Zimmermann U, Jurgens K, te Brinke H, Overlack N, Roepman R, Knipper M, Kremer H, Wolfrum U. Scaffold protein harmonin (USH1C) provides molecular links between Usher syndrome type 1 and type 2. Hum Mol Genet. 2005 Dec 15;14(24):3933-43. Epub 2005 Nov 21. PMID:16301216 doi:http://dx.doi.org/ddi417

[2] Siemens J, Kazmierczak P, Reynolds A, Sticker M, Littlewood-Evans A, Muller U. The Usher syndrome proteins cadherin 23 and harmonin form a complex by means of PDZ-domain interactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Nov 12;99(23):14946-51. doi:, 10.1073/pnas.232579599. Epub 2002 Oct 29. PMID:12407180 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.232579599

[3] Verpy E, Leibovici M, Zwaenepoel I, Liu XZ, Gal A, Salem N, Mansour A, Blanchard S, Kobayashi I, Keats BJ, Slim R, Petit C. A defect in harmonin, a PDZ domain-containing protein expressed in the inner ear sensory hair cells, underlies Usher syndrome type 1C. Nat Genet. 2000 Sep;26(1):51-5. PMID:10973247 doi:10.1038/79171

[4] Yan J, Pan L, Chen X, Wu L, Zhang M. The structure of the harmonin/sans complex reveals an unexpected interaction mode of the two Usher syndrome proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Feb 8. PMID:20142502

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