7mhs

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Structure of p97 (subunits A to E) with substrate engagedStructure of p97 (subunits A to E) with substrate engaged

Structural highlights

7mhs is a 6 chain structure with sequence from Homo sapiens. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
Method:Electron Microscopy, Resolution 3.6Å
Ligands:, ,
Resources:FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT

Disease

TERA_HUMAN Defects in VCP are the cause of inclusion body myopathy with early-onset Paget disease and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD) [MIM:167320; also known as muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle, with Paget disease of bone or pagetoid amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or pagetoid neuroskeletal syndrome or lower motor neuron degeneration with Paget-like bone disease. IBMPFD features adult-onset proximal and distal muscle weakness (clinically resembling limb girdle muscular dystrophy), early-onset Paget disease of bone in most cases and premature frontotemporal dementia.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] Defects in VCP are the cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 14 with or without frontotemporal dementia (ALS14) [MIM:613954. ALS14 is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting upper motor neurons in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord, resulting in fatal paralysis. Sensory abnormalities are absent. The pathologic hallmarks of the disease include pallor of the corticospinal tract due to loss of motor neurons, presence of ubiquitin-positive inclusions within surviving motor neurons, and deposition of pathologic aggregates. The etiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is likely to be multifactorial, involving both genetic and environmental factors. The disease is inherited in 5-10% of the cases. Patients with ALS14 may develop frontotemporal dementia.[6]

Function

TERA_HUMAN Necessary for the fragmentation of Golgi stacks during mitosis and for their reassembly after mitosis. Involved in the formation of the transitional endoplasmic reticulum (tER). The transfer of membranes from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus occurs via 50-70 nm transition vesicles which derive from part-rough, part-smooth transitional elements of the endoplasmic reticulum (tER). Vesicle budding from the tER is an ATP-dependent process. The ternary complex containing UFD1L, VCP and NPLOC4 binds ubiquitinated proteins and is necessary for the export of misfolded proteins from the ER to the cytoplasm, where they are degraded by the proteasome. The NPLOC4-UFD1L-VCP complex regulates spindle disassembly at the end of mitosis and is necessary for the formation of a closed nuclear envelope. Regulates E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity of RNF19A (By similarity). Component of the VCP/p97-AMFR/gp78 complex that participates in the final step of the sterol-mediated ubiquitination and endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) of HMGCR. Also involved in DNA damage response: recruited to double-strand breaks (DSBs) sites in a RNF8- and RNF168-dependent manner and promotes the recruitment of TP53BP1 at DNA damage sites. Recruited to stalled replication forks by SPRTN: may act by mediating extraction of DNA polymerase eta (POLH) to prevent excessive translesion DNA synthesis and limit the incidence of mutations induced by DNA damage.[7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13]

Publication Abstract from PubMed

The p97 AAA+ATPase is an essential and abundant regulator of protein homeostasis that plays a central role in unfolding ubiquitylated substrates. Here we report two cryo-EM structures of human p97 in complex with its p47 adaptor. One of the conformations is six-fold symmetric, corresponds to previously reported structures of p97, and lacks bound substrate. The other structure adopts a helical conformation, displays substrate running in an extended conformation through the pore of the p97 hexamer, and resembles structures reported for other AAA unfoldases. These findings support the model that p97 utilizes a "hand-over-hand" mechanism in which two residues of the substrate are translocated for hydrolysis of two ATPs, one in each of the two p97 AAA ATPase rings. Proteomics analysis supports the model that one p97 complex can bind multiple substrate adaptors or binding partners, and can process substrates with multiple types of ubiquitin modification.

Active conformation of the p97-p47 unfoldase complex.,Xu Y, Han H, Cooney I, Guo Y, Moran NG, Zuniga NR, Price JC, Hill CP, Shen PS Nat Commun. 2022 May 12;13(1):2640. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-30318-3. PMID:35552390[14]

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

References

  1. ↑ Tang WK, Li D, Li CC, Esser L, Dai R, Guo L, Xia D. A novel ATP-dependent conformation in p97 N-D1 fragment revealed by crystal structures of disease-related mutants. EMBO J. 2010 Jul 7;29(13):2217-29. Epub 2010 May 28. PMID:20512113 doi:10.1038/emboj.2010.104
  2. ↑ Watts GD, Wymer J, Kovach MJ, Mehta SG, Mumm S, Darvish D, Pestronk A, Whyte MP, Kimonis VE. Inclusion body myopathy associated with Paget disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia is caused by mutant valosin-containing protein. Nat Genet. 2004 Apr;36(4):377-81. Epub 2004 Mar 21. PMID:15034582 doi:10.1038/ng1332
  3. ↑ Schroder R, Watts GD, Mehta SG, Evert BO, Broich P, Fliessbach K, Pauls K, Hans VH, Kimonis V, Thal DR. Mutant valosin-containing protein causes a novel type of frontotemporal dementia. Ann Neurol. 2005 Mar;57(3):457-61. PMID:15732117 doi:10.1002/ana.20407
  4. ↑ Haubenberger D, Bittner RE, Rauch-Shorny S, Zimprich F, Mannhalter C, Wagner L, Mineva I, Vass K, Auff E, Zimprich A. Inclusion body myopathy and Paget disease is linked to a novel mutation in the VCP gene. Neurology. 2005 Oct 25;65(8):1304-5. PMID:16247064 doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000180407.15369.92
  5. ↑ Weihl CC, Dalal S, Pestronk A, Hanson PI. Inclusion body myopathy-associated mutations in p97/VCP impair endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation. Hum Mol Genet. 2006 Jan 15;15(2):189-99. Epub 2005 Dec 1. PMID:16321991 doi:10.1093/hmg/ddi426
  6. ↑ Johnson JO, Mandrioli J, Benatar M, Abramzon Y, Van Deerlin VM, Trojanowski JQ, Gibbs JR, Brunetti M, Gronka S, Wuu J, Ding J, McCluskey L, Martinez-Lage M, Falcone D, Hernandez DG, Arepalli S, Chong S, Schymick JC, Rothstein J, Landi F, Wang YD, Calvo A, Mora G, Sabatelli M, Monsurro MR, Battistini S, Salvi F, Spataro R, Sola P, Borghero G, Galassi G, Scholz SW, Taylor JP, Restagno G, Chio A, Traynor BJ. Exome sequencing reveals VCP mutations as a cause of familial ALS. Neuron. 2010 Dec 9;68(5):857-64. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.11.036. PMID:21145000 doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.11.036
  7. ↑ Ishigaki S, Hishikawa N, Niwa J, Iemura S, Natsume T, Hori S, Kakizuka A, Tanaka K, Sobue G. Physical and functional interaction between Dorfin and Valosin-containing protein that are colocalized in ubiquitylated inclusions in neurodegenerative disorders. J Biol Chem. 2004 Dec 3;279(49):51376-85. Epub 2004 Sep 29. PMID:15456787 doi:10.1074/jbc.M406683200
  8. ↑ Song BL, Sever N, DeBose-Boyd RA. Gp78, a membrane-anchored ubiquitin ligase, associates with Insig-1 and couples sterol-regulated ubiquitination to degradation of HMG CoA reductase. Mol Cell. 2005 Sep 16;19(6):829-40. PMID:16168377 doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2005.08.009
  9. ↑ Meerang M, Ritz D, Paliwal S, Garajova Z, Bosshard M, Mailand N, Janscak P, Hubscher U, Meyer H, Ramadan K. The ubiquitin-selective segregase VCP/p97 orchestrates the response to DNA double-strand breaks. Nat Cell Biol. 2011 Oct 23;13(11):1376-82. doi: 10.1038/ncb2367. PMID:22020440 doi:10.1038/ncb2367
  10. ↑ Acs K, Luijsterburg MS, Ackermann L, Salomons FA, Hoppe T, Dantuma NP. The AAA-ATPase VCP/p97 promotes 53BP1 recruitment by removing L3MBTL1 from DNA double-strand breaks. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2011 Nov 27;18(12):1345-50. doi: 10.1038/nsmb.2188. PMID:22120668 doi:10.1038/nsmb.2188
  11. ↑ Sato T, Sako Y, Sho M, Momohara M, Suico MA, Shuto T, Nishitoh H, Okiyoneda T, Kokame K, Kaneko M, Taura M, Miyata M, Chosa K, Koga T, Morino-Koga S, Wada I, Kai H. STT3B-dependent posttranslational N-glycosylation as a surveillance system for secretory protein. Mol Cell. 2012 Jul 13;47(1):99-110. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2012.04.015. Epub 2012 , May 17. PMID:22607976 doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2012.04.015
  12. ↑ Davis EJ, Lachaud C, Appleton P, Macartney TJ, Nathke I, Rouse J. DVC1 (C1orf124) recruits the p97 protein segregase to sites of DNA damage. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2012 Nov;19(11):1093-100. doi: 10.1038/nsmb.2394. Epub 2012 , Oct 7. PMID:23042607 doi:10.1038/nsmb.2394
  13. ↑ Mosbech A, Gibbs-Seymour I, Kagias K, Thorslund T, Beli P, Povlsen L, Nielsen SV, Smedegaard S, Sedgwick G, Lukas C, Hartmann-Petersen R, Lukas J, Choudhary C, Pocock R, Bekker-Jensen S, Mailand N. DVC1 (C1orf124) is a DNA damage-targeting p97 adaptor that promotes ubiquitin-dependent responses to replication blocks. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2012 Nov;19(11):1084-92. doi: 10.1038/nsmb.2395. Epub 2012, Oct 7. PMID:23042605 doi:10.1038/nsmb.2395
  14. ↑ Xu Y, Han H, Cooney I, Guo Y, Moran NG, Zuniga NR, Price JC, Hill CP, Shen PS. Active conformation of the p97-p47 unfoldase complex. Nat Commun. 2022 May 12;13(1):2640. PMID:35552390 doi:10.1038/s41467-022-30318-3

7mhs, resolution 3.60Å

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