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Crystal structure of reelin N-terminal regionCrystal structure of reelin N-terminal region
Structural highlights
DiseaseRELN_MOUSE Note=Defects in Reln are the cause of the autosomal recessive reeler (rl) phenotype which is characterized by impaired motor coordination, tremors and ataxia. Neurons in affected mice fail to reach their correct locations in the developing brain, disrupting the organization of the cerebellar and cerebral cortices and other laminated regions. FunctionRELN_MOUSE Extracellular matrix serine protease that plays a role in layering of neurons in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. Regulates microtubule function in neurons and neuronal migration. Affects migration of sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the spinal cord, where it seems to act as a barrier to neuronal migration. Enzymatic activity is important for the modulation of cell adhesion. Binding to the extracellular domains of lipoprotein receptors VLDLR and LRP8/APOER2 induces tyrosine phosphorylation of DAB1 and modulation of TAU phosphorylation.[1] Publication Abstract from PubMedThe large, secreted glycoprotein reelin regulates embryonic brain development as well as adult brain functions. Although reelin binds to its receptors via its central part, the N-terminal region directs multimer formation and is critical for efficient signal transduction. In fact, the inhibitory antibody CR-50 interacts with the N-terminal region and prevents higher-order multimerization and signalling. Reelin is a multidomain protein in which the central part is composed of eight characteristic repeats, named reelin repeats, each of which is further divided by insertion of a epidermal growth factor (EGF) module into two subrepeats. In contrast, the N-terminal region shows unique 'irregular' domain architecture since it comprises three consecutive subrepeats without the intervening EGF module. Here, we determined the crystal structure of the murine reelin fragment named RX-R1 including the irregular region and the first reelin repeat at 2.0-A resolution. The overall structure of RX-R1 has a branched Y-shaped form. Interestingly, two incomplete subrepeats cooperatively form one entire subrepeat structure, though an additional subrepeat is inserted between them. We further reveal that Arg335 of RX-R1 is crucial for binding CR-50. A possible self-association mechanism via the N-terminal region is proposed based on our results. Structural studies of reelin N-terminal region provides insights into a unique structural arrangement and functional multimerization.,Nagae M, Suzuki K, Yasui N, Nogi T, Kohno T, Hattori M, Takagi J J Biochem. 2021 Jul 3;169(5):555-564. doi: 10.1093/jb/mvaa144. PMID:33377147[2] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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