5tos

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Botrytis-induced kinase 1 (BIK1) from Arabidopsis thalianaBotrytis-induced kinase 1 (BIK1) from Arabidopsis thaliana

Structural highlights

5tos is a 2 chain structure with sequence from Arabidopsis thaliana. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
Method:X-ray diffraction, Resolution 2.35Å
Ligands:
Resources:FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT

Function

BIK1_ARATH Plays a central role in immune responses (PubMed:20413097). Required to activate the resistance responses to necrotrophic pathogens (PubMed:16339855). Phosphorylates FLS2 and BAK1 (PubMed:20404519, PubMed:24104392). Involved in pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) signaling and defense responses downstream of FLS2. Acts additively with PBL1 in PTI defenses (PubMed:20413097). Acts as positive regulator of the PAMP flg22-induced increase of cytosolic calcium. Binds directly and phosphorylates the NADPH oxidase RBOHD at specific sites in a calcium-independent manner to enhance reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation upon flg22 perception. ROS production in response to flg22 controls stomatal movement and restriction of bacterial entry into leaf tissues (PubMed:24629339). Seems not required for flg22-induced MAPK activation (Probable). Required for Pep1-induced defenses. Pep1 is an endogenous elicitor that potentiates PAMP-inducible plant responses. In association with PEPR1, acts downstream of the canonical ethylene signaling cascade to regulate ethylene responses (PubMed:23431184). Involved in ethylene signaling. Destabilizes EIN3, the key transcription activator in ethylene signaling, and represses EIN3-dependent transcription (PubMed:26021844). Acts as a negative regulator in brassinosteroid (BR) signaling. Functions in BR signaling by direct interaction with the BR receptor BRI1 cytosolic kinase domain (PubMed:23818580).[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9]

Publication Abstract from PubMed

Plants employ cell-surface pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to detect pathogens. Although phytohormones produced during PRR signaling play an essential role in innate immunity, a direct link between PRR activation and hormone regulation is unknown. EFR is a PRR that recognizes bacterial EF-Tu and activates immune signaling. Here we report that EFR regulates the phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) through direct phosphorylation of a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase, BIK1. The BIK1 structure revealed that the EFR-phosphorylated sites reside on a uniquely extended loop away from the BIK1 kinase core domain. Phosphomimetic mutations of these sites resulted in increased phytohormones and enhanced resistance to bacterial infections. In addition to its documented plasma membrane localization, BIK1 also localizes to the nucleus and interacts directly with WRKY transcription factors involved in the JA and salicylic acid (SA) regulation. These findings demonstrate the mechanistic basis of signal transduction from PRR to phytohormones, mediated through a PRR-BIK1-WRKY axis.

The Receptor-like Cytoplasmic Kinase BIK1 Localizes to the Nucleus and Regulates Defense Hormone Expression during Plant Innate Immunity.,Lal NK, Nagalakshmi U, Hurlburt NK, Flores R, Bak A, Sone P, Ma X, Song G, Walley J, Shan L, He P, Casteel C, Fisher AJ, Dinesh-Kumar SP Cell Host Microbe. 2018 Apr 11;23(4):485-497.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.03.010. PMID:29649442[10]

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

See Also

References

  1. ↑ Veronese P, Nakagami H, Bluhm B, Abuqamar S, Chen X, Salmeron J, Dietrich RA, Hirt H, Mengiste T. The membrane-anchored BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE1 plays distinct roles in Arabidopsis resistance to necrotrophic and biotrophic pathogens. Plant Cell. 2006 Jan;18(1):257-73. Epub 2005 Dec 9. PMID:16339855 doi:http://dx.doi.org/tpc.105.035576
  2. ↑ Lu D, Wu S, He P, Shan L. Phosphorylation of receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases by bacterial flagellin. Plant Signal Behav. 2010 May 9;5(5). PMID:20404519
  3. ↑ Zhang J, Li W, Xiang T, Liu Z, Laluk K, Ding X, Zou Y, Gao M, Zhang X, Chen S, Mengiste T, Zhang Y, Zhou JM. Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases integrate signaling from multiple plant immune receptors and are targeted by a Pseudomonas syringae effector. Cell Host Microbe. 2010 Apr 22;7(4):290-301. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2010.03.007. PMID:20413097 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2010.03.007
  4. ↑ Liu Z, Wu Y, Yang F, Zhang Y, Chen S, Xie Q, Tian X, Zhou JM. BIK1 interacts with PEPRs to mediate ethylene-induced immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Apr 9;110(15):6205-10. doi:, 10.1073/pnas.1215543110. Epub 2013 Feb 19. PMID:23431184 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1215543110
  5. ↑ Lin W, Lu D, Gao X, Jiang S, Ma X, Wang Z, Mengiste T, He P, Shan L. Inverse modulation of plant immune and brassinosteroid signaling pathways by the receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase BIK1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Jul 16;110(29):12114-9. doi:, 10.1073/pnas.1302154110. Epub 2013 Jul 1. PMID:23818580 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1302154110
  6. ↑ Xu J, Wei X, Yan L, Liu D, Ma Y, Guo Y, Peng C, Zhou H, Yang C, Lou Z, Shui W. Identification and functional analysis of phosphorylation residues of the Arabidopsis BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE1. Protein Cell. 2013 Oct;4(10):771-81. doi: 10.1007/s13238-013-3053-6. Epub 2013, Sep 5. PMID:24104392 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13238-013-3053-6
  7. ↑ Li L, Li M, Yu L, Zhou Z, Liang X, Liu Z, Cai G, Gao L, Zhang X, Wang Y, Chen S, Zhou JM. The FLS2-associated kinase BIK1 directly phosphorylates the NADPH oxidase RbohD to control plant immunity. Cell Host Microbe. 2014 Mar 12;15(3):329-38. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2014.02.009. PMID:24629339 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2014.02.009
  8. ↑ Kang GH, Son S, Cho YH, Yoo SD. Regulatory role of BOTRYTIS INDUCED KINASE1 in ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3-dependent gene expression in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell Rep. 2015 Sep;34(9):1605-14. doi: 10.1007/s00299-015-1812-y. Epub 2015, May 29. PMID:26021844 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00299-015-1812-y
  9. ↑ Feng F, Yang F, Rong W, Wu X, Zhang J, Chen S, He C, Zhou JM. A Xanthomonas uridine 5'-monophosphate transferase inhibits plant immune kinases. Nature. 2012 Apr 15;485(7396):114-8. doi: 10.1038/nature10962. PMID:22504181 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature10962
  10. ↑ Lal NK, Nagalakshmi U, Hurlburt NK, Flores R, Bak A, Sone P, Ma X, Song G, Walley J, Shan L, He P, Casteel C, Fisher AJ, Dinesh-Kumar SP. The Receptor-like Cytoplasmic Kinase BIK1 Localizes to the Nucleus and Regulates Defense Hormone Expression during Plant Innate Immunity. Cell Host Microbe. 2018 Apr 11;23(4):485-497.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.03.010. PMID:29649442 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2018.03.010

5tos, resolution 2.35Å

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