5cvh
Crystal Structure of CK2alphaCrystal Structure of CK2alpha
Structural highlights
FunctionCSK21_HUMAN Catalytic subunit of a constitutively active serine/threonine-protein kinase complex that phosphorylates a large number of substrates containing acidic residues C-terminal to the phosphorylated serine or threonine. Regulates numerous cellular processes, such as cell cycle progression, apoptosis and transcription, as well as viral infection. May act as a regulatory node which integrates and coordinates numerous signals leading to an appropriate cellular response. During mitosis, functions as a component of the p53/TP53-dependent spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) that maintains cyclin-B-CDK1 activity and G2 arrest in response to spindle damage. Also required for p53/TP53-mediated apoptosis, phosphorylating 'Ser-392' of p53/TP53 following UV irradiation. Can also negatively regulate apoptosis. Phosphorylates the caspases CASP9 and CASP2 and the apoptotic regulator NOL3. Phosphorylation protects CASP9 from cleavage and activation by CASP8, and inhibits the dimerization of CASP2 and activation of CASP8. Regulates transcription by direct phosphorylation of RNA polymerases I, II, III and IV. Also phosphorylates and regulates numerous transcription factors including NF-kappa-B, STAT1, CREB1, IRF1, IRF2, ATF1, SRF, MAX, JUN, FOS, MYC and MYB. Phosphorylates Hsp90 and its co-chaperones FKBP4 and CDC37, which is essential for chaperone function. Regulates Wnt signaling by phosphorylating CTNNB1 and the transcription factor LEF1. Acts as an ectokinase that phosphorylates several extracellular proteins. During viral infection, phosphorylates various proteins involved in the viral life cycles of EBV, HSV, HBV, HCV, HIV, CMV and HPV.[1] [2] [3] [4] Publication Abstract from PubMedThe development of selective inhibitors of protein kinases is challenging because of the significant conservation of the ATP binding site. Here, we describe a new mechanism by which the protein kinase CK2alpha can be selectively inhibited using features outside the ATP site. We have identified a new binding site for small molecules on CK2alpha adjacent to the ATP site and behind the alphaD loop, termed the alphaD pocket. An elaborated fragment anchored in this site has been linked with a low affinity fragment binding in the ATP site, creating a novel and selective inhibitor (CAM4066) that binds CK2alpha with a Kd of 320 nM and shows significantly improved selectivity compared to other CK2alpha inhibitors. CAM4066 shows target engagement in several cell lines and similar potency to clinical trial candidate CX4945. Our data demonstrate that targeting a poorly conserved, cryptic pocket allows inhibition of CK2alpha via a novel mechanism, enabling the development of a new generation of selective CK2alpha inhibitors. Specific inhibition of CK2alpha from an anchor outside the active site.,Brear P, De Fusco C, Hadje Georgiou K, Francis-Newton NJ, Stubbs CJ, Sore HF, Venkitaraman AR, Abell C, Spring DR, Hyvonen M Chem Sci. 2016 Nov 1;7(11):6839-6845. doi: 10.1039/c6sc02335e. Epub 2016 Jul 12. PMID:28451126[5] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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