4p24
pore forming toxinpore forming toxin
Structural highlights
FunctionPublication Abstract from PubMedStaphylococcal alpha-hemolysin (alpha-HL) is a beta-barrel pore-forming toxin (PFT) expressed by Staphylococcus aureus. alpha-HL is secreted as a water-soluble monomeric protein, which binds to target membranes and forms membrane-inserted heptameric pores. To explore the pore-forming mechanism of alpha-HL in detail, we determined the crystal structure of the alpha-HL monomer and prepore using H35A mutant and W179A/R200A mutant, respectively. Although the overall structure of the monomer was similar to that of other staphylococcal PFTs, a marked difference was observed in the N-terminal amino latch, which bent toward the prestem. Moreover, the prestem was fastened by the cap domain with a key hydrogen bond between Asp45 and Tyr118. Prepore structure showed that the transmembrane region is roughly formed with flexibility, although the upper half of the beta-barrel is formed appropriately. Structure comparison among monomer, prepore and pore revealed a series of motions, in which the N-terminal amino latch released upon oligomerization destroys its own key hydrogen bond betweem Asp45-Try118. This action initiated the protrusion of the prestem. Y118F mutant and the N-terminal truncated mutant markedly decreased in the hemolytic activity, indicating the importance of the key hydrogen bond and the N-terminal amino latch on the pore formation. Based on these observations, we proposed a dynamic molecular mechanism of pore formation for alpha-HL. Structural basis for pore-forming mechanism of staphylococcal alpha-hemolysin.,Sugawara T, Yamashita D, Kato K, Peng Z, Ueda J, Kaneko J, Kamio Y, Tanaka Y, Yao M Toxicon. 2015 Sep 28. pii: S0041-0101(15)30093-3. doi:, 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.09.033. PMID:26428390[1] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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