Structural highlightsFunctionGH312_ARATH Catalyzes the conjugation of specific amino acids (e.g. Glu and possibly His, Lys, and Met) to their preferred acyl substrates (e.g. 4-substituted benzoates), in a magnesium ion- and ATP-dependent manner. Can use 4-substituted benzoates such as 4-aminobenzoate (pABA), 4-fluorobenzoate and 4-hydroxybenzoate (4-HBA), and, to a lesser extent, benzoate, vanillate and trans-cinnamate, but not 2-substituted benzoates and salicylic acid (SA), as conjugating acyl substrates. Involved in both basal and induced resistance in a SA-dependent manner. Confers resistance to virulent and avirulent pathogens (at least bacteria and oomycetes), and promotes SA glucosides accumulation. Required for the establishment of hyper-sensitive response (HR) upon incompatible interaction and subsequent systemic acquired resistance (SAR).[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Acyl acid amido synthetases of the GH3 family act as critical prereceptor modulators of plant hormone action; however, the molecular basis for their hormone selectivity is unclear. Here, we report the crystal structures of benzoate-specific Arabidopsis thaliana AtGH3.12/PBS3 and jasmonic acid (JA)-specific AtGH3.11/JAR1. These structures, combined with biochemical analysis, define features for the conjugation of amino acids to diverse acyl acid substrates and highlight the importance of conformational changes in the C-terminal domain for catalysis. We also identify residues forming the acyl acid binding site across the GH3 family and residues critical for amino acid recognition. Our results demonstrate how a highly adaptable three-dimensional scaffold is used for the evolution of promiscuous activity across an enzyme family for modulation of plant signaling molecules.
Structural Basis for Prereceptor Modulation of Plant Hormones by GH3 Proteins.,Westfall CS, Zubieta C, Herrmann J, Kapp U, Nanao MH, Jez JM Science. 2012 May 24. PMID:22628555[9]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
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- ↑ van der Biezen EA, Freddie CT, Kahn K, Parker JE, Jones JD. Arabidopsis RPP4 is a member of the RPP5 multigene family of TIR-NB-LRR genes and confers downy mildew resistance through multiple signalling components. Plant J. 2002 Feb;29(4):439-51. PMID:11846877
- ↑ McDowell JM, Williams SG, Funderburg NT, Eulgem T, Dangl JL. Genetic analysis of developmentally regulated resistance to downy mildew (Hyaloperonospora parasitica) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2005 Nov;18(11):1226-34. PMID:16353557 doi:10.1094/MPMI-18-1226
- ↑ Lee MW, Lu H, Jung HW, Greenberg JT. A key role for the Arabidopsis WIN3 protein in disease resistance triggered by Pseudomonas syringae that secrete AvrRpt2. Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2007 Oct;20(10):1192-200. PMID:17918621 doi:10.1094/MPMI-20-10-1192
- ↑ Jagadeeswaran G, Raina S, Acharya BR, Maqbool SB, Mosher SL, Appel HM, Schultz JC, Klessig DF, Raina R. Arabidopsis GH3-LIKE DEFENSE GENE 1 is required for accumulation of salicylic acid, activation of defense responses and resistance to Pseudomonas syringae. Plant J. 2007 Jul;51(2):234-46. Epub 2007 May 23. PMID:17521413 doi:10.1111/j.1365-313X.2007.03130.x
- ↑ Nobuta K, Okrent RA, Stoutemyer M, Rodibaugh N, Kempema L, Wildermuth MC, Innes RW. The GH3 acyl adenylase family member PBS3 regulates salicylic acid-dependent defense responses in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 2007 Jun;144(2):1144-56. Epub 2007 Apr 27. PMID:17468220 doi:10.1104/pp.107.097691
- ↑ Okrent RA, Brooks MD, Wildermuth MC. Arabidopsis GH3.12 (PBS3) conjugates amino acids to 4-substituted benzoates and is inhibited by salicylate. J Biol Chem. 2009 Apr 10;284(15):9742-54. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M806662200. Epub 2009 , Feb 2. PMID:19189963 doi:10.1074/jbc.M806662200
- ↑ Westfall CS, Zubieta C, Herrmann J, Kapp U, Nanao MH, Jez JM. Structural Basis for Prereceptor Modulation of Plant Hormones by GH3 Proteins. Science. 2012 May 24. PMID:22628555 doi:10.1126/science.1221863
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