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Crystal structure of the trans isomer of the L93A mutant of bacteriorhodopsinCrystal structure of the trans isomer of the L93A mutant of bacteriorhodopsin
Structural highlights
FunctionBACR_HALSA Light-driven proton pump. Publication Abstract from PubMedThe lifetime of the O intermediate of bacteriorhodopsin (BR) is extended by a factor of approximately 250 in the Leu93-to-Ala mutant (BR_L93A). To clarify the structural changes occurring in the last stage of the proton pumping cycle of BR, we crystallized BR_L93A into a hexagonal P622 crystal. Diffraction data from the unphotolyzed state showed that the deletion of three carbon atoms from Leu93 is compensated by the insertion of four water molecules in the cytoplasmic vicinity of retinal. This insertion of water is suggested to be responsible for the blue-shifted lambda(max) (540 nm) of the mutant. A long-lived sub-state of O with a red-shifted lambda(max) ( approximately 565 nm) was trapped when the crystal of BR_L93A was flash-cooled after illumination with green light. This sub-state (O(slow) ) bears considerable similarity to the M intermediate of native BR; that is, it commonly shows deformation of helix C and the FG loop, downward orientation of the side chain of Arg82 and disruption of the Glu194/Glu204 pair. In O(slow) , however, the main chain of Lys216 is less distorted and retinal takes on the 13-cis/15-syn configuration. Another significant difference is seen in the pH dependence of the structure of the proton release group, the pK(a) value of which is suggested to be much lower in O(slow) than in M. Proteins 2012. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Crystal structure of the O intermediate of the Leu93-->Ala mutant of bacteriorhodopsin.,Zhang J, Yamazaki Y, Hikake M, Murakami M, Ihara K, Kouyama T Proteins. 2012 May 29. doi: 10.1002/prot.24124. PMID:22641602[1] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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