2ok5
Human Complement factor BHuman Complement factor B
Structural highlights
DiseaseCFAB_HUMAN Defects in CFB are a cause of susceptibility to hemolytic uremic syndrome atypical type 4 (AHUS4) [MIM:612924. An atypical form of hemolytic uremic syndrome. It is a complex genetic disease characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, renal failure and absence of episodes of enterocolitis and diarrhea. In contrast to typical hemolytic uremic syndrome, atypical forms have a poorer prognosis, with higher death rates and frequent progression to end-stage renal disease. Note=Susceptibility to the development of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome can be conferred by mutations in various components of or regulatory factors in the complement cascade system. Other genes may play a role in modifying the phenotype.[1] [2] FunctionCFAB_HUMAN Factor B which is part of the alternate pathway of the complement system is cleaved by factor D into 2 fragments: Ba and Bb. Bb, a serine protease, then combines with complement factor 3b to generate the C3 or C5 convertase. It has also been implicated in proliferation and differentiation of preactivated B-lymphocytes, rapid spreading of peripheral blood monocytes, stimulation of lymphocyte blastogenesis and lysis of erythrocytes. Ba inhibits the proliferation of preactivated B-lymphocytes. Evolutionary Conservation Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf. Publication Abstract from PubMedFactor B is the central protease of the complement system of immune defense. Here, we present the crystal structure of human factor B at 2.3-A resolution, which reveals how the five-domain proenzyme is kept securely inactive. The canonical activation helix of the Von Willebrand factor A (VWA) domain is displaced by a helix from the preceding domain linker. The two helices conformationally link the scissile-activation peptide and the metal ion-dependent adhesion site required for binding of the ligand C3b. The data suggest that C3b binding displaces the three N-terminal control domains and reshuffles the two central helices. Reshuffling of the helices releases the scissile bond for final proteolytic activation and generates a new interface between the VWA domain and the serine protease domain. This allosteric mechanism is crucial for tight regulation of the complement-amplification step in the immune response. Factor B structure provides insights into activation of the central protease of the complement system.,Milder FJ, Gomes L, Schouten A, Janssen BJ, Huizinga EG, Romijn RA, Hemrika W, Roos A, Daha MR, Gros P Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2007 Mar;14(3):224-8. Epub 2007 Feb 25. PMID:17310251[3] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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