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Three-Dimensional NMR Structure of Rat Islet Amyloid Polypeptide in DPC micellesThree-Dimensional NMR Structure of Rat Islet Amyloid Polypeptide in DPC micelles
Structural highlights
FunctionIAPP_RAT Selectively inhibits insulin-stimulated glucose utilization and glycogen deposition in muscle, while not affecting adipocyte glucose metabolism (By similarity). Evolutionary Conservation Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf. Publication Abstract from PubMedIslet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP or amylin) is a 37-residue peptide hormone associated with glucose metabolism that is cosecreted with insulin by beta-cells in the pancreas. Since human IAPP is a highly amyloidogenic peptide, it has been suggested that the formation of IAPP amyloid fibers is responsible for the death of beta-cells during the early stages of type II diabetes. It has been hypothesized that transient membrane-bound alpha-helical structures of human IAPP are precursors to the formation of these amyloid deposits. On the other hand, rat IAPP forms transient alpha-helical structures but does not progress further to form amyloid fibrils. To understand the nature of this intermediate state and the difference in toxicity between the rat and human versions of IAPP, we have solved the high-resolution structure of rat IAPP in the membrane-mimicking detergent micelles composed of dodecylphosphocholine. The structure is characterized by a helical region spanning the residues A5 to S23 and a disordered C-terminus. A distortion in the helix is seen at R18 and S19 that may be involved in receptor binding. Paramagnetic quenching NMR experiments indicate that rat IAPP is bound on the surface of the micelle, in agreement with other nontoxic forms of IAPP. A comparison to the detergent-bound structures of other IAPP variants indicates that the N-terminal region may play a crucial role in the self-association and toxicity of IAPP by controlling access to the putative dimerization interface on the hydrophobic face of the amphipathic helix. Three-dimensional structure and orientation of rat islet amyloid polypeptide protein in a membrane environment by solution NMR spectroscopy.,Nanga RP, Brender JR, Xu J, Hartman K, Subramanian V, Ramamoorthy A J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Jun 17;131(23):8252-61. PMID:19456151[1] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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