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Isopenicillin N synthase d-(L-a-aminoadipoyl)-(3R)-methyl-L-cysteine D-a-hydroxyisovaleryl ester complex (Oxygen exposed 5 minutes 20 bar)Isopenicillin N synthase d-(L-a-aminoadipoyl)-(3R)-methyl-L-cysteine D-a-hydroxyisovaleryl ester complex (Oxygen exposed 5 minutes 20 bar)
Structural highlights
FunctionIPNA_EMENI Isopenicillin N synthase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of penicillin, the world's most important antibiotic (PubMed:3319778, PubMed:11755401). IpnA catalyzes the cyclization of the tripeptide N-[(5S)-5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl]-L-cysteinyl-D-valine (LLD-ACV or ACV) to form isopenicillin N (IPN) that contains the beta-lactam nucleus (PubMed:3319778, PubMed:11755401, PubMed:28703303). The penicillin biosynthesis occurs via 3 enzymatic steps, the first corresponding to the production of the tripeptide N-[(5S)-5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl]-L-cysteinyl-D-valine (LLD-ACV or ACV) by the NRPS acvA. The tripeptide ACV is then cyclized to isopenicillin N (IPN) by the isopenicillin N synthase ipnA that forms the beta-lactam nucleus. Finally, the alpha-aminoadipyl side chain is exchanged for phenylacetic acid by the isopenicillin N acyltransferase penDE to yield penicillin in the peroxisomal matrix (By similarity).[UniProtKB:P08703][1] [2] [3] Evolutionary Conservation Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf. Publication Abstract from PubMedIsopenicillin N synthase (IPNS) is a non-heme iron(ii)-dependent oxidase that is central to penicillin biosynthesis. Herein, we report mechanistic studies of the IPNS reaction in the crystalline state, using the substrate analogue delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipoyl)-(3R)-methyl-L-cysteine D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl ester (AmCOV) to probe the early stages of the catalytic cycle. The X-ray crystal structure of the anaerobic IPNS:Fe(II):AmCOV complex was solved to 1.40 A resolution, and it reveals several subtle differences in the active site relative to the complex of the enzyme with its natural substrate. The crystalline IPNS:Fe(II):AmCOV complex was then exposed to oxygen gas at high pressure; this brought about reaction to give what appears to be a hydroxymethyl/ene-thiol product. A mechanism for this reaction is proposed. These results offer further insight into the delicate interplay of steric and electronic effects in the IPNS active site and the mechanistic intricacies of this remarkable enzyme. Unexpected oxidation of a depsipeptide substrate analogue in crystalline isopenicillin N synthase.,Daruzzaman A, Clifton IJ, Adlington RM, Baldwin JE, Rutledge PJ Chembiochem. 2006 Feb;7(2):351-8. PMID:16444759[4] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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