1op8
Crystal Structure of Human Granzyme ACrystal Structure of Human Granzyme A
Structural highlights
FunctionGRAA_HUMAN This enzyme is necessary for target cell lysis in cell-mediated immune responses. It cleaves after Lys or Arg. Cleaves APEX1 after 'Lys-31' and destroys its oxidative repair activity. Involved in apoptosis.[1] Evolutionary Conservation Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf. Publication Abstract from PubMedGranzyme A (GzmA) belongs to a family of trypsin-like serine proteases localized in cytoplasmic granules of activated lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells. In contrast to the related granzyme B (GzmB), GzmA forms a stable disulfide-linked homodimer and triggers target-cell death in a caspase-independent way. Limited proteolysis of a high-molecular-mass complex containing SET (also named putative HLA-associated protein II or PHAPII), PHAPI (pp32, leucine-rich acidic nuclear protein) and HMG2 by GzmA liberates NM23-H1, a Mg2+-dependent DNase that causes single-stranded breaks in nuclear DNA. By analyzing the dimeric GzmA structure at a resolution of 2.5 A, we determined the substrate-binding constraints and selective advantages of the two domains arranged as a unique functional tandem. The active sites of the two subunits point in opposite directions and the nearby noncatalytic surfaces can function as exosites, presenting substrates to the active site region of the adjacent partner in a manner analogous to staphylokinase or streptokinase, which present plasminogen to the cofactor-plasmin and cofactor-plasminogen complexes. Crystal structure of the apoptosis-inducing human granzyme A dimer.,Hink-Schauer C, Estebanez-Perpina E, Kurschus FC, Bode W, Jenne DE Nat Struct Biol. 2003 Jul;10(7):535-40. PMID:12819770[2] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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