Polycomb proteins

Function

Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are determinants of gene silencing and epigenetic memory in higher eukaryotes. The PcG system consists of multimeric repressive protein complexes containing chromatin modifying activities which regulate transcription by modulating chromatin structures. The PcG proteins regulate pathways in cell differentiation, tissue regeneration and cancer cell growth^[1]. For the B-cell-specific Molony leukemia virus Insertion site 1 (BMI1) see BMI1.

Pcgf5 is required in the differentiation of embryonic stem cells toward neural cells^[2].

Disease

Misregulation of PcG protein levels often lead to either a block or unscheduled activation of developmental pathways. the consequences of this misregulation have been linked to the establishment of cancer stem cells which can produce tumors. Cancer stem cells are believed to persist within tumors and to elicit relapse and metastasis^[3]

Structural highlights

Human polycomb complex protein BMI-1 (olive and dark red) complex with histones (grey, green, yellow, pink, magenta, cyan, gold, red), RING1B/Ubch5C (aqua and orchid)and DNA (blue and gold) PDB code 4r8p

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3D structures of polycomb proteins3D structures of polycomb proteins

Polycomb complex proteins 3D structures

ReferencesReferences

↑ Hauri S, Comoglio F, Seimiya M, Gerstung M, Glatter T, Hansen K, Aebersold R, Paro R, Gstaiger M, Beisel C. A High-Density Map for Navigating the Human Polycomb Complexome. Cell Rep. 2016 Oct 4;17(2):583-595. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.096. PMID:27705803 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.096
↑ Yao M, Zhou X, Zhou J, Gong S, Hu G, Li J, Huang K, Lai P, Shi G, Hutchins AP, Sun H, Wang H, Yao H. PCGF5 is required for neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells. Nat Commun. 2018 May 15;9(1):1463. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03781-0. PMID:29765032 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03781-0
↑ Poynter ST, Kadoch C. Polycomb and trithorax opposition in development and disease. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol. 2016 Nov;5(6):659-688. doi: 10.1002/wdev.244., Epub 2016 Sep 1. PMID:27581385 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wdev.244

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

Michal Harel, Jaime Prilusky

[1] Hauri S, Comoglio F, Seimiya M, Gerstung M, Glatter T, Hansen K, Aebersold R, Paro R, Gstaiger M, Beisel C. A High-Density Map for Navigating the Human Polycomb Complexome. Cell Rep. 2016 Oct 4;17(2):583-595. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.096. PMID:27705803 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.096

[2] Yao M, Zhou X, Zhou J, Gong S, Hu G, Li J, Huang K, Lai P, Shi G, Hutchins AP, Sun H, Wang H, Yao H. PCGF5 is required for neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells. Nat Commun. 2018 May 15;9(1):1463. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03781-0. PMID:29765032 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03781-0

[3] Poynter ST, Kadoch C. Polycomb and trithorax opposition in development and disease. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol. 2016 Nov;5(6):659-688. doi: 10.1002/wdev.244., Epub 2016 Sep 1. PMID:27581385 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wdev.244

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