2h8b
Solution structure of INSL3Solution structure of INSL3
Structural highlights
DiseaseINSL3_HUMAN Defects in INSL3 seems to be a cause of cryptorchidism (CRYPTO) [MIM:219050; also known as impaired testicular descent. It is one of the most frequent congenital abnormalities in humans, involving 2-5% of male births. Cryptorchidism is associated with increased risk of infertility and testicular cancer. The frequency of INSL3 gene mutations as a cause of cryptorchidism is low.[1] [2] [3] FunctionINSL3_HUMAN Seems to play a role in testicular function. May be a trophic hormone with a role in testicular descent in fetal life. Is a ligand for LGR8 receptor. Evolutionary Conservation Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf. Publication Abstract from PubMedInsulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3), a member of the relaxin peptide family, is produced in testicular Leydig cells and ovarian thecal cells. Gene knock-out experiments have identified a key biological role in initiating testes descent during fetal development. Additionally, INSL3 has an important function in mediating male and female germ cell function. These actions are elicited via its recently identified receptor, LGR8, a member of the leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor family. To identify the structural features that are responsible for the interaction of INSL3 with its receptor, its solution structure was determined by NMR spectroscopy together with in vitro assays of a series of B-chain alanine-substituted analogs. Synthetic human INSL3 was found to adopt a characteristic relaxin/insulin-like fold in solution but is a highly dynamic molecule. The four termini of this two-chain peptide are disordered, and additional conformational exchange is evident in the molecular core. Alanine-substituted analogs were used to identify the key residues of INSL3 that are responsible for the interaction with the ectodomain of LGR8. These include Arg(B16) and Val(B19), with His(B12) and Arg(B20) playing a secondary role, as evident from the synergistic effect on the activity in double and triple mutants involving these residues. Together, these amino acids combine with the previously identified critical residue, Trp(B27), to form the receptor binding surface. The current results provide clear direction for the design of novel specific agonists and antagonists of this receptor. Solution structure and characterization of the LGR8 receptor binding surface of insulin-like peptide 3.,Rosengren KJ, Zhang S, Lin F, Daly NL, Scott DJ, Hughes RA, Bathgate RA, Craik DJ, Wade JD J Biol Chem. 2006 Sep 22;281(38):28287-95. Epub 2006 Jul 25. PMID:16867980[4] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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