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Xanthine and 8-oxoguanine in G-quadruplexes: formation of a G G X O tetradXanthine and 8-oxoguanine in G-quadruplexes: formation of a G G X O tetrad
Structural highlights
Publication Abstract from PubMedG-quadruplexes are four-stranded structures built from stacked G-tetrads (G.G.G.G), which are planar cyclical assemblies of four guanine bases interacting through Hoogsteen hydrogen bonds. A G-quadruplex containing a single guanine analog substitution, such as 8-oxoguanine (O) or xanthine (X), would suffer from a loss of a Hoogsteen hydrogen bond within a G-tetrad and/or potential steric hindrance. We show that a proper arrangement of O and X bases can reestablish the hydrogen-bond pattern within a G.G.X.O tetrad. Rational incorporation of G.G.X.O tetrads in a (3+1) G-quadruplex demonstrated a similar folding topology and thermal stability to that of the unmodified G-quadruplex. pH titration conducted on X.O-modified G-quadruplexes indicated a protonation-deprotonation equilibrium of X with a pKa approximately 6.7. The solution structure of a G-quadruplex containing a G.G.X.O tetrad was determined, displaying the same folding topology in both the protonated and deprotonated states. A G-quadruplex containing a deprotonated X.O pair was shown to exhibit a more electronegative groove compared to that of the unmodified one. These differences are likely to manifest in the electronic properties of G-quadruplexes and may have important implications for drug targeting and DNA-protein interactions. Xanthine and 8-oxoguanine in G-quadruplexes: formation of a G.G.X.O tetrad.,Cheong VV, Heddi B, Lech CJ, Phan AT Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Sep 22. pii: gkv826. PMID:26400177[1] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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