7uxk
Structure of CDK2 in complex with FP24322, a Helicon PolypeptideStructure of CDK2 in complex with FP24322, a Helicon Polypeptide
Structural highlights
FunctionCDK2_HUMAN Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in the control of the cell cycle; essential for meiosis, but dispensable for mitosis. Phosphorylates CTNNB1, USP37, p53/TP53, NPM1, CDK7, RB1, BRCA2, MYC, NPAT, EZH2. Interacts with cyclins A, B1, B3, D, or E. Triggers duplication of centrosomes and DNA. Acts at the G1-S transition to promote the E2F transcriptional program and the initiation of DNA synthesis, and modulates G2 progression; controls the timing of entry into mitosis/meiosis by controlling the subsequent activation of cyclin B/CDK1 by phosphorylation, and coordinates the activation of cyclin B/CDK1 at the centrosome and in the nucleus. Crucial role in orchestrating a fine balance between cellular proliferation, cell death, and DNA repair in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Activity of CDK2 is maximal during S phase and G2; activated by interaction with cyclin E during the early stages of DNA synthesis to permit G1-S transition, and subsequently activated by cyclin A2 (cyclin A1 in germ cells) during the late stages of DNA replication to drive the transition from S phase to mitosis, the G2 phase. EZH2 phosphorylation promotes H3K27me3 maintenance and epigenetic gene silencing. Phosphorylates CABLES1 (By similarity). Cyclin E/CDK2 prevents oxidative stress-mediated Ras-induced senescence by phosphorylating MYC. Involved in G1-S phase DNA damage checkpoint that prevents cells with damaged DNA from initiating mitosis; regulates homologous recombination-dependent repair by phosphorylating BRCA2, this phosphorylation is low in S phase when recombination is active, but increases as cells progress towards mitosis. In response to DNA damage, double-strand break repair by homologous recombination a reduction of CDK2-mediated BRCA2 phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of RB1 disturbs its interaction with E2F1. NPM1 phosphorylation by cyclin E/CDK2 promotes its dissociates from unduplicated centrosomes, thus initiating centrosome duplication. Cyclin E/CDK2-mediated phosphorylation of NPAT at G1-S transition and until prophase stimulates the NPAT-mediated activation of histone gene transcription during S phase. Required for vitamin D-mediated growth inhibition by being itself inactivated. Involved in the nitric oxide- (NO) mediated signaling in a nitrosylation/activation-dependent manner. USP37 is activated by phosphorylation and thus triggers G1-S transition. CTNNB1 phosphorylation regulates insulin internalization.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] Publication Abstract from PubMedThe alpha-helix is one of the most common protein surface recognition motifs found in nature, and its unique amide-cloaking properties also enable alpha-helical polypeptide motifs to exist in membranes. Together, these properties have inspired the development of alpha-helically constrained (Helicon) therapeutics that can enter cells and bind targets that have been considered "undruggable", such as protein-protein interactions. To date, no general method for discovering alpha-helical binders to proteins has been reported, limiting Helicon drug discovery to only those proteins with previously characterized alpha-helix recognition sites, and restricting the starting chemical matter to those known alpha-helical binders. Here, we report a general and rapid screening method to empirically map the alpha-helix binding sites on a broad range of target proteins in parallel using large, unbiased Helicon phage display libraries and next-generation sequencing. We apply this method to screen six structurally diverse protein domains, only one of which had been previously reported to bind isolated alpha-helical peptides, discovering 20 families that collectively comprise several hundred individual Helicons. Analysis of 14 X-ray cocrystal structures reveals at least nine distinct alpha-helix recognition sites across these six proteins, and biochemical and biophysical studies show that these Helicons can block protein-protein interactions, inhibit enzymatic activity, induce conformational rearrangements, and cause protein dimerization. We anticipate that this method will prove broadly useful for the study of protein recognition and for the development of both biochemical tools and therapeutics for traditionally challenging protein targets. De novo mapping of alpha-helix recognition sites on protein surfaces using unbiased libraries.,Li K, Tokareva OS, Thomson TM, Wahl SCT, Travaline TL, Ramirez JD, Choudary SK, Agarwal S, Walkup WG 4th, Olsen TJ, Brennan MJ, Verdine GL, McGee JH Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Dec 27;119(52):e2210435119. doi: , 10.1073/pnas.2210435119. Epub 2022 Dec 19. PMID:36534810[18] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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