4f1s
Crystal structure of human PI3K-gamma in complex with a pyridyl-triazine-sulfonamide inhibitorCrystal structure of human PI3K-gamma in complex with a pyridyl-triazine-sulfonamide inhibitor
Structural highlights
FunctionPK3CG_HUMAN Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) that phosphorylates PtdIns(4,5)P2 (Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate) to generate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). PIP3 plays a key role by recruiting PH domain-containing proteins to the membrane, including AKT1 and PDPK1, activating signaling cascades involved in cell growth, survival, proliferation, motility and morphology. Links G-protein coupled receptor activation to PIP3 production. Involved in immune, inflammatory and allergic responses. Modulates leukocyte chemotaxis to inflammatory sites and in response to chemoattractant agents. May control leukocyte polarization and migration by regulating the spatial accumulation of PIP3 and by regulating the organization of F-actin formation and integrin-based adhesion at the leading edge. Controls motility of dendritic cells. Together with PIK3CD is involved in natural killer (NK) cell development and migration towards the sites of inflammation. Participates in T-lymphocyte migration. Regulates T-lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production. Together with PIK3CD participates in T-lymphocyte development. Required for B-lymphocyte development and signaling. Together with PIK3CD participates in neutrophil respiratory burst. Together with PIK3CD is involved in neutrophil chemotaxis and extravasation. Together with PIK3CB promotes platelet aggregation and thrombosis. Regulates alpha-IIb/beta-3 integrins (ITGA2B/ ITGB3) adhesive function in platelets downstream of P2Y12 through a lipid kinase activity-independent mechanism. May have also a lipid kinase activity-dependent function in platelet aggregation. Involved in endothelial progenitor cell migration. Negative regulator of cardiac contractility. Modulates cardiac contractility by anchoring protein kinase A (PKA) and PDE3B activation, reducing cAMP levels. Regulates cardiac contractility also by promoting beta-adrenergic receptor internalization by binding to ADRBK1 and by non-muscle tropomyosin phosphorylation. Also has serine/threonine protein kinase activity: both lipid and protein kinase activities are required for beta-adrenergic receptor endocytosis. May also have a scaffolding role in modulating cardiac contractility. Contributes to cardiac hypertrophy under pathological stress. Through simultaneous binding of PDE3B to RAPGEF3 and PIK3R6 is assembled in a signaling complex in which the PI3K gamma complex is activated by RAPGEF3 and which is involved in angiogenesis.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] Publication Abstract from PubMedPhosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is an important target in oncology due to the deregulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in a wide variety of tumors. A series of 4-amino-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine sulfonamides were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of PI3K. The synthesis, in vitro biological activities, pharmacokinetic and in vivo pharmacodynamic profiling of these compounds are described. The most promising compound from this investigation (compound 3j) was found to be a pan class I PI3K inhibitor with a moderate (>10-fold) selectivity over the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the enzyme assay. In a U87 MG cellular assay measuring phosphorylation of Akt, compound 3j displayed low double digit nanomolar IC(50) and exhibited good oral bioavailability in rats (F(oral)=63%). Compound 3j also showed a dose dependent reduction in the phosphorylation of Akt in a U87 tumor pharmacodynamic model with a plasma EC(50)=193nM (91ng/mL). Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors based on a 4-amino-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine sulfonamide scaffold.,Wurz RP, Liu L, Yang K, Nishimura N, Bo Y, Pettus LH, Caenepeel S, Freeman DJ, McCarter JD, Mullady EL, Miguel TS, Wang L, Zhang N, Andrews KL, Whittington DA, Jiang J, Subramanian R, Hughes PE, Norman MH Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2012 Jul 3. PMID:22832322[6] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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