Stereochemistry
Stereochemistry refers to the three dimensional arrangement of atoms in molecules, especially those aspects that go beyond the connectivity (which atoms are connected to each other) captured in a Lewis structure. Two molecules that are mirror images of each other (enantiomers) differ in stereochemistry. Another common example are cis and trans double bonds, such as in fatty acids.
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<jmol>
<jmolButton>
<target>A</target>
<script>load $"(R) 2-butanol"; script applet B @{"load $2-butanol"};</script>
<text>2-Butanol</text>
</jmolButton>
<jmol>
<jmolButton>
<target>A</target>
<script>load $"cis-butene"; script applet B @{"load $trans-butene"};</script>
<text>Butene</text>
</jmolButton>
<jmol>
<jmolButton>
<target>A</target>
<script>load $"D-Alanine"; script applet B @{"load $alanine"};</script>
<text>Alanine enantiomers</text>
</jmolButton>
<jmol>
<jmolButton>
<target>A</target>
<script>load $erythrose; script applet B @{"load $threose"};</script>
<text>Erythrose vs. Threose</text>
</jmolButton>