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Structure of the SecY protein translocation channel in actionStructure of the SecY protein translocation channel in action
Structural highlights
Function[SECG_ECOLI] Subunit of the protein translocation channel SecYEG. Overexpression of some hybrid proteins has been thought to jam the protein secretion apparatus resulting in cell death; while this may be true it also results in FtsH-mediated degradation of SecY. Treatment with antibiotics that block translation elongation such as chloramphenicol also leads to degradation of SecY and SecE but not SecG. [RL1_ECOLI] One of the primary rRNA binding proteins, it binds very close to the 3'-end of the 23S rRNA. Forms part of the L1 stalk. It is often not seen in high-resolution crystal structures, but can be seen in cryo_EM and 3D reconstruction models. These indicate that the distal end of the stalk moves by approximately 20 angstroms (PubMed:12859903). This stalk movement is thought to be coupled to movement of deacylated tRNA into and out of the E site, and thus to participate in tRNA translocation (PubMed:12859903). Contacts the P and E site tRNAs.[HAMAP-Rule:MF_01318_B] Protein L1 is also a translational repressor protein, it controls the translation of the L11 operon by binding to its mRNA.[HAMAP-Rule:MF_01318_B] [RL24_ECOLI] One of two assembly initiator proteins, it binds directly to the 5'-end of the 23S rRNA, where it nucleates assembly of the 50S subunit. It is not thought to be involved in the functions of the mature 50S subunit in vitro.[1] One of the proteins that surrounds the polypeptide exit tunnel on the outside of the subunit.[2] [SECE_ECOLI] Essential subunit of the protein translocation channel SecYEG. Clamps together the 2 halves of SecY. May contact the channel plug during translocation. Overexpression of some hybrid proteins has been thought to jam the protein secretion apparatus resulting in cell death; while this may be true it also results in FtsH-mediated degradation of SecY.[3] [RL23_ECOLI] One of the early assembly proteins, it binds 23S rRNA; is essential for growth. One of the proteins that surround the polypeptide exit tunnel on the outside of the subunit. Acts as the docking site for trigger factor (PubMed:12226666) for Ffh binding to the ribosome (SRP54, PubMed:12756233 and PubMed:12702815) and to nascent polypeptide chains (PubMed:12756233).[HAMAP-Rule:MF_01369] [SECY_ECOLI] The central subunit of the protein translocation channel SecYEG. Consists of two halves formed by TMs 1-5 and 6-10. These two domains form a lateral gate at the front which open onto the bilayer between TMs 2 and 7, and are clamped together by SecE at the back. The channel is closed by both a pore ring composed of hydrophobic SecY resides and a short helix (helix 2A) on the extracellular side of the membrane which forms a plug. The plug probably moves laterally to allow the channel to open. The ring and the pore may move independently. SecY is required to insert newly synthesized SecY into the inner membrane. Overexpression of some hybrid proteins has been thought to jam the protein secretion apparatus resulting in cell death; while this may be true, overexpression also results in FtsH-mediated degradation of SecY.[HAMAP-Rule:MF_01465] [RL29_ECOLI] Binds 23S rRNA. It is not essential for growth.[HAMAP-Rule:MF_00374] One of the proteins that surrounds the polypeptide exit tunnel on the outside of the subunit. Contacts trigger factor (PubMed:12226666).[HAMAP-Rule:MF_00374] Publication Abstract from PubMedMany secretory proteins are targeted by signal sequences to a protein-conducting channel, formed by prokaryotic SecY or eukaryotic Sec61 complexes, and are translocated across the membrane during their synthesis. Crystal structures of the inactive channel show that the SecY subunit of the heterotrimeric complex consists of two halves that form an hourglass-shaped pore with a constriction in the middle of the membrane and a lateral gate that faces the lipid phase. The closed channel has an empty cytoplasmic funnel and an extracellular funnel that is filled with a small helical domain, called the plug. During initiation of translocation, a ribosome-nascent chain complex binds to the SecY (or Sec61) complex, resulting in insertion of the nascent chain. However, the mechanism of channel opening during translocation is unclear. Here we have addressed this question by determining structures of inactive and active ribosome-channel complexes with cryo-electron microscopy. Non-translating ribosome-SecY channel complexes derived from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii or Escherichia coli show the channel in its closed state, and indicate that ribosome binding per se causes only minor changes. The structure of an active E. coli ribosome-channel complex demonstrates that the nascent chain opens the channel, causing mostly rigid body movements of the amino- and carboxy-terminal halves of SecY. In this early translocation intermediate, the polypeptide inserts as a loop into the SecY channel with the hydrophobic signal sequence intercalated into the open lateral gate. The nascent chain also forms a loop on the cytoplasmic surface of SecY rather than entering the channel directly. Structure of the SecY channel during initiation of protein translocation.,Park E, Menetret JF, Gumbart JC, Ludtke SJ, Li W, Whynot A, Rapoport TA, Akey CW Nature. 2013 Oct 23. doi: 10.1038/nature12720. PMID:24153188[4] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See Also
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