FunctionTubulin (TUB) is a constituent of microtubules in eukaryotes. Microtubules are assembled from dimers of α-tubulin (TUBA) and β-tubulin (TUBB) bound to GTP. See also Beta tubulin. γ-tubulin (TUBG) is part of the nucleation of microtubules[1]. Human TUB contains several numbered subtypes. FtsZ (Filamenting temperature-sensitive mutant Z) is a prokaryotic homologue of TUB[2]. See Cell division protein and Beta tubulin.
RelevanceThe chemotherapeutic drug Taxol interacts with TUBB. See Molecular Playground/Taxol. TUBA and TUBB expression in polyps of invasive colon cancer is different from normal[3].
DiseaseMutations in TUBB underlie a large spectrum of neuronal migration disorders[4].
Structural highlights | |
3D Structures of Tubulin3D Structures of Tubulin
Updated on 28-September-2018
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- α-tubulin
- 2bto – PdTUBA+thioredoxin 1 – Prosthecobacter dejongeii
- 2e4h – hTUBA C terminal + restin CAP-Gly domain 2 – human
- α-tubulin + β-tubulin
- 1jff - bTUBA+bTUBB - bovine
- 3j6f - pTUBA+pTUBB – pig - Cryo EM
- 3j6e, 6evw - pTUBA+pTUBB +GMPCPP – Cryo EM
- 6dpu - pTUBA+pTUBB +GMPCPP + GTP – Cryo EM
- 3j7i - pTUBA+pTUBB + GTP – Cryo EM
- 6evx, 6evy, 6evz, 6ew0, 6dpv, 6dpw - pTUBA+pTUBB + GTP + GDP - Cryo EM
- 1tub - pTUBA+pTUBB – electron diffraction
- 2btq – PdTUBA+PdTUBB
- 5w3f - yTUBA+yTUBB + GDP + GTP - yeast
- 5w3j - yTUBA+yTUBB (mutant) + GDP + GTP + taxol
- 5ubq, 5ucy - TUBA+ TUBB – Tetrahymena thermophila - Cryo EM
- α-tubulin + β-tubulin complexes with stathmin-4
- 3hkb, 3hkc, 3hkd, 3hke, 3n2g, 3n2k, 3ryc, 3ryf, 3ryh, 3ryi, 4eb6 – sTUBA+sTUBB+stathmin-4 – sheep
- 4f61 - sTUBA+sTUBB+stathmin-like protein R4
- 3ut5 - sTUBA+sTUBB+stathmin-4 + vinca peptide
- 4eb6 - sTUBA+sTUBB+stathmin-4
- 4f6r - sTUBA+sTUBB+stathmin-like protein R1 + ankyrin repeat protein
- 5lp6 – bTUBA1B +bTUBB2B +stathmin-4 + protein
- 5la6, 5m7e, 5bmv, 5lov, 5lxt, 5lxj, 5m7e, 5m7g, 5m8d, 5m8g, 5mf4, 5ov7, 5lxs, 5xlt, 5o7a, 5xlt - bTUBA+bTUBB+stathmin-4 + protein + GDP + GTP + ATP derivative + inhibitor
- 5njh - bTUBA+bTUBB+stathmin-4 + protein + GDP + GTP + ATP derivative + triazolopyrimidine
- α-tubulin + β-tubulin complexes with stathmin-4 and tubulin-tyrosine ligase (TTL)
- 3du7, 3e22, 1z2b, 1sa0, 1sa1, 1ffx – bTUBA1C+bTUBB2B+stathmin-4
- 4o2a, 4iij, 4i55 - bTUBA+bTUBB+stathmin-4 + TTL
- 4ihj - bTUBA+bTUBB+stathmin-4 + TTL + ADP
- 4wbn - bTUBA+bTUBB+stathmin-4 + TTL + GDP + GTP + ATP derivative
- 5jh7, 5xaf, 5xag, 5xlz - bTUBA+bTUBB+stathmin-4 + TTL + GDP + GTP + ATP derivative + drug
- 4x1i, 4x1k, 4x1y, 4x20, 5eyp - sTUBA+bTUBB+stathmin-4 + TTL + GDP + GTP + drug
- 5kx5 - sTUBA+sTUBB+stathmin-4 + TTL + GDP + GTP + ADP + inhibitor
- 5iyz, 5j2t, 5j2u, 4tv9, 4yj2, 4yj3, 2xrp – bTUBAB1 +bTUBBB2 +stathmin-4 + TTL + GDP + GTP + ATP derivative + auristatin anti-mitotics
- 4o2b - bTUBA+bTUBB+stathmin-4 + TTL + drug
- 5xp3 – pTUBAB1 +pTUBBB2 +stathmin-4 + TTL + GDP + GTP + ATP derivative
- 4tuy, 4o4h, 4o4i, 4o4j, 4o4l, 4i50, 4i4t, 4tv8, 4zhq, 4zi7, 4zol – pTUBAB1 +pTUBBB2 +stathmin-4 + TTL + GDP + GTP + ATP derivative + fungicide
- 6d88, 6br1, 6brf, 6bry, 6bs2, 5yl2, 5ylj, 5yls, 5xhc, 5xi5, 5xi7 – pTUBAB1 +pTUBBB2 +stathmin-4 + TTL + GDP + GTP + ATP derivative + inhibitor
- 5xiw, 5xke, 5xkf, 5xkg, 5xkh – pTUBAB1 +pTUBBB2 +stathmin-4 + TTL + GDP + GTP + drug
- 5yl4 – pTUBAB1 +pTUBBB2 +stathmin-4 + TTL + GDP + GTP + ATP derivative + drug
- α-tubulin + β-tubulin complex with kinesin
- 4lnu - sTUBA+sTUBB + ankyrin repeat protein + GDP + GTP + kinesin heavy chain
- 2wbe – bTUBA1D+bTUBB2B+kinesin+AMPPNP
- 3dco - bTUBA+bTUBB+kinesin-like NOD
- 4ck5, 4ck6, 4ck7 - bTUBA+bTUBB+kinesin-like KIF11 motor domain
- 5mio - bTUBA+bTUBB+kinesin-like KIF2C motor domain
- 5hnw, 5hnx, 5hny, 5hnz – bTUBAB1 +bTUBBB2 +kinesin-14 + GDP + GTP + taxol
- 3edl - bTUBA1D+bTUBB2B+kinesin motor domain
- 4hna - bTUBA+bTUBB + kinesin heavy chain + ankyrin repeat protein
- 4uxo, 4uxp, 4uxr, 4uxs, 4uxy - bTUBA+bTUBB + kinesin motor domain + GDP + GTP + taxol – Cryo EM
- 4uxt, 4uy0 - bTUBA+bTUBB + kinesin heavy chain + GDP + GTP + taxol – Cryo EM
- 3j2u - bTUBA+bTUBB+kinesin-like KLP10A head domain
- 2p4n - hTUBA+hTUBB+kinesin heavy chain
- 2hxf, 6b0c - pTUBA+pTUBB+kinesin-like KIF1A+AMPPNP - Cryo EM
- 3j6h - pTUBA+pTUBB +GMPCPP + kinesin heavy chain – Cryo EM
- 3j8x - pTUBA+pTUBB +GDP + GTP + kinesin heavy chain – Cryo EM
- 3j8y - pTUBA+pTUBB +GDP + GTP + ATP + kinesin heavy chain – Cryo EM
- 2hxh - pTUBA+pTUBB+kinesin-like KIF1A+ADP
- 1ia0 - pTUBA+pTUBB+kinesin-like KIF1A+ATP
- 6boi - pTUBA+pTUBB + kinesin-like KLP10A + GDP + GTP + taxol – Cryo EM
- 6b0l - pTUBA+pTUBB + kinesin-like KLP10A + GDP + GTP + AMPPNP + taxol – Cryo EM
- 4aqv, 4aqw - bTUBA+bTUBB+kinesin-like KIF11 – Cryo EM
- 5nd3 - bTUBA+bTUBB+kinesin-like KIF20A + GDP + GTP – Cryo EM
- 5nd2, 5nd4 - bTUBA+bTUBB+kinesin-like KIF20A + GDP + GTP + ADP – Cryo EM
- 5nd7 - bTUBA+bTUBB+kinesin-like KIF20A + AMPPNP – Cryo EM
- 6bbn - bTUBA+bTUBB+kinesin-like KIF2A + DARPIN + AMPPNP + GDP + GTP
- 4atx - bTUBA1D+bTUBB2B+kinesin motor domain – Cryo EM
- 5m5i, 5m5l, 5m5m, 5m5n, 5m5o - bTUBA1D+bTUBB2B+kinesin-5 motor domain + AMPPNP – Cryo EM
- 5o09 - TUBA+TUBB +GDP + GTP + kinesin light chain – Prosthecobacter dejongeii - Cryo EM
- α-tubulin + β-tubulin other complexes
- 4drx - sTUBA+sTUBB + ankyrin repeat protein
- 1tvk - bTUBA+bTUBB+GDP+GTP+Epothilone A – electron crystallography
- 3iz0 - bTUBA+bTUBB+hNDC80/SPC25+hNUF2/SPC24 – electron microscopy
- 3j1t, 3j1u - bTUBA+bTUBB+ dynein
- 3j6p - pTUBA+pTUBB +GTP + GDP + taxol + dynein heavy chain – Cryo EM
- 3j6g - pTUBA+pTUBB +GTP + GDP + taxol – Cryo EM
- 6cvj, 6cvn - pTUBA+pTUBB + GTP + GDP + tau protein – Cryo EM
- 5kmg - pTUBA+pTUBB + protein regulator + GTP + GDP – Cryo EM
- 6bjc - pTUBA+pTUBB + targeting protein for Xklp2 + GTP + GMPCPP – Cryo EM
- 4abo - pTUBA+pTUBB+ microtubule integrity protein MAL3
- 4atu - bTUBA1D+bTUBB2B+doublecortin – Cryo EM
- 5nqu, 5nqt - bTUBA+bTUBB + ankyrin repeat protein + GDP + GTP
- 5nm5 - bTUBA+bTUBB + ankyrin repeat protein + GDP + GTP + colchicine
- 5m50, 5m54, 5m5c - bTUBA+bTUBB + calmodulin-regulated spectrin-associated protein + GDP + GTP - Cryo EM
- 4ffb, 4u3j - yTUBA+TUBB (mutant) + protein STU2
- γ-tubulin
ReferencesReferences
- ↑ Moritz M, Agard DA. Gamma-tubulin complexes and microtubule nucleation. Curr Opin Struct Biol. 2001 Apr;11(2):174-81. PMID:11297925
- ↑ Arjes HA, Lai B, Emelue E, Steinbach A, Levin PA. Mutations in the bacterial cell division protein FtsZ highlight the role of GTP binding and longitudinal subunit interactions in assembly and function. BMC Microbiol. 2015 Oct 13;15:209. doi: 10.1186/s12866-015-0544-z. PMID:26463348 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12866-015-0544-z
- ↑ Giarnieri E, De Francesco GP, Carico E, Midiri G, Amanti C, Giacomelli L, Tucci G, Gidaro S, Stroppa I, Gidaro G, Giovagnoli MR. Alpha- and beta-tubulin expression in rectal cancer development. Anticancer Res. 2005 Sep-Oct;25(5):3237-41. PMID:16101133
- ↑ Jaglin XH, Poirier K, Saillour Y, Buhler E, Tian G, Bahi-Buisson N, Fallet-Bianco C, Phan-Dinh-Tuy F, Kong XP, Bomont P, Castelnau-Ptakhine L, Odent S, Loget P, Kossorotoff M, Snoeck I, Plessis G, Parent P, Beldjord C, Cardoso C, Represa A, Flint J, Keays DA, Cowan NJ, Chelly J. Mutations in the beta-tubulin gene TUBB2B result in asymmetrical polymicrogyria. Nat Genet. 2009 Jun;41(6):746-52. doi: 10.1038/ng.380. Epub 2009 May 24. PMID:19465910 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng.380
