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STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE ZINC HYDROXIDE-THR 199-GLU 106 HYDROGEN BONDING NETWORK IN HUMAN CARBONIC ANHYDRASE IISTRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE ZINC HYDROXIDE-THR 199-GLU 106 HYDROGEN BONDING NETWORK IN HUMAN CARBONIC ANHYDRASE II
Structural highlights
Disease[CAH2_HUMAN] Defects in CA2 are the cause of osteopetrosis autosomal recessive type 3 (OPTB3) [MIM:259730]; also known as osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis, carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome, Guibaud-Vainsel syndrome or marble brain disease. Osteopetrosis is a rare genetic disease characterized by abnormally dense bone, due to defective resorption of immature bone. The disorder occurs in two forms: a severe autosomal recessive form occurring in utero, infancy, or childhood, and a benign autosomal dominant form occurring in adolescence or adulthood. Autosomal recessive osteopetrosis is usually associated with normal or elevated amount of non-functional osteoclasts. OPTB3 is associated with renal tubular acidosis, cerebral calcification (marble brain disease) and in some cases with mental retardation.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] Function[CAH2_HUMAN] Essential for bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation (By similarity). Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Can hydrate cyanamide to urea. Involved in the regulation of fluid secretion into the anterior chamber of the eye.[6] [7] Evolutionary Conservation Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf. Publication Abstract from PubMedThe significance of the zinc hydroxide-Thr-199-Glu-106 hydrogen-bond network in the active site of human carbonic anhydrase II has been examined by X-ray crystallographic analyses of site-specific mutants. Mutants with Ala-199 and Ala-106 or Gln-106 have low catalytic activities, while a mutant with Asp-106 has almost full CO2 hydration activity. The structures of these four mutants, as well as that of the bicarbonate complex of the mutant with Ala-199, have been determined at 1.7 to 2.2 A resolution. Removal of the gamma atoms of residue 199 leads to a distorted tetrahedral geometry at the zinc ion, and a catalytically important zinc-bound water molecule has moved towards Glu-106. In the bicarbonate complex of the mutant with Ala-199 one oxygen atom from bicarbonate binds to zinc without displacing this water molecule. Tetrahedral coordination geometries are retained in the mutants at position 106. The mutants with Ala-106 and Gln-106 have a zinc-bound sulfate ion, whereas this sulfate site is only partially occupied in the mutant with Asp-106. The hydrogen-bond network seems to be "reversed" in the mutants with Ala-106 and Gln-106. The network is preserved as in native enzyme in the mutant with Asp-106 but the side chain of Asp-106 is more extended than that of Glu-106 in the native enzyme. These results illustrate the importance of Glu-106 and Thr-199 for controlling the precise coordination geometry of the zinc ion and its ligand preferences which results in an optimal orientation of a zinc-bound hydroxide ion for an attack on the CO2 substrate. Structural analysis of the zinc hydroxide-Thr-199-Glu-106 hydrogen-bond network in human carbonic anhydrase II.,Xue Y, Liljas A, Jonsson BH, Lindskog S Proteins. 1993 Sep;17(1):93-106. PMID:7901850[8] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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