FunctionFunction
Tubulin (TUB) is a constituent of microtubules in eukaryotes. Microtubules are assembled from dimers of α-tubulin (TUBA) and β-tubulin (TUBB) bound to GTP. See also Beta tubulin. γ-tubulin (TUBG) is part of the nucleation of microtubules[1]. Human TUB contains several numbered subtypes. FtsZ (Filamenting temperature-sensitive mutant Z) is a prokaryotic homologue of TUB. See also Beta tubulin.
RelevanceRelevance
The chemotherapeutic drug Taxol interacts with TUBB. See Molecular Playground/Taxol. TUBA and TUBB expression in polyps of invasive colon cancer is different from normal[2].
DiseaseDisease
Mutations in TUBB underlie a large spectrum of neuronal migration disorders[3].
3D Structures of Tubulin3D Structures of Tubulin
Updated on 27-September-2016
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- α-tubulin
- 2bto – PdTUBA+thioredoxin 1 – Prosthecobacter dejongeii
- 2e4h – hTUBA C terminal + restin CAP-Gly domain 2 – human
- α-tubulin + β-tubulin
- 3hkb, 3hkc, 3hkd, 3hke, 3n2g, 3n2k, 3ryc, 3ryf, 3ryh, 3ryi – sTUBA+sTUBB+stathmin-4 – sheep
- 4f61 - sTUBA+sTUBB+stathmin-like protein R4
- 3ut5 - sTUBA+sTUBB+stathmin-4 + vinca peptide
- 4eb6 - sTUBA+sTUBB+stathmin-4
- 4drx - sTUBA+sTUBB + ankyrin repeat protein
- 4lnu - sTUBA+sTUBB + ankyrin repeat protein + GDP + GTP + kinesin heavy chain
- 4x1i, 4x1k, 4x1y, 4x20 - sTUBA+bTUBB+stathmin-4 + TUB-Tyr ligase + GDP + GTP + dolastatin + colchicine
- 4f6r - sTUBA+sTUBB+stathmin-like protein R1 + ankyrin repeat protein
- 2wbe – bTUBA1D+bTUBB2B+kinesin+AMPPNP – bovine
- 3dco - bTUBA+bTUBB+kinesin-like NOD
- 4ck5, 4ck6, 4ck7 - bTUBA+bTUBB+kinesin-like KIF11 motor domain
- 1tvk - bTUBA+bTUBB+GDP+GTP+Epothilone A – electron crystallography
- 3iz0 - bTUBA+bTUBB+hNDC80/SPC25+hNUF2/SPC24 – electron microscopy
- 3edl - bTUBA1D+bTUBB2B+kinesin motor domain
- 2xrp - bTUBA1D+bTUBB2B+doublecortin
- 3du7, 3e22, 1z2b, 1sa0, 1sa1, 1ffx – bTUBA1C+bTUBB2B+stathmin-4
- 4o2a, 4iij, 4i55 - bTUBA+bTUBB+stathmin-4 + TUB-Tyr ligase
- 4wbn - bTUBA+bTUBB+stathmin-4 + TUB-Tyr ligase + GDP + GTP + ATP derivative
- 4o2b - bTUBA+bTUBB+stathmin-4 + TUB-Tyr ligase + colchicine
- 4tuy, 4o4h, 4o4i, 4o4j, 4o4l, 4i50, 4i4t, 4tv8, 4tv9, 4yj2, 4yj3 - bTUBA+bTUBB+stathmin-4 + TUB-Tyr ligase + antimitotic agent
- 1jff - bTUBA+bTUBB
- 4hna - bTUBA+bTUBB + kinesin heavy chain + ankyrin repeat protein
- 4uxo, 4uxp, 4uxr, 4uxs, 4uxy - bTUBA+bTUBB + kinesin motor domain + GDP + GTP + taxol – Cryo EM
- 4uxt, 4uy0 - bTUBA+bTUBB + kinesin heavy chain + GDP + GTP + taxol – Cryo EM
- 4ihj - bTUBA+bTUBB+stathmin-4 + tubulin tyrosine ligase + ADP
- 3j1t, 3j1u - bTUBA+bTUBB+ dyenin
- 3j2u - bTUBA+bTUBB+kinesin-like KLP10A head domain
- 2p4n - hTUBA+hTUBB+kinesin heavy chain
- 2hxf - pTUBA+pTUBB+kinesin-like KIF1A+AMPPNP – pig
- 3j6f - pTUBA+pTUBB – Cryo EM
- 3j6e - pTUBA+pTUBB +GMPCPP – Cryo EM
- 3j7i - pTUBA+pTUBB +GTP – Cryo EM
- 3j6g - pTUBA+pTUBB +GTP + GDP + taxol – Cryo EM
- 3j6h - pTUBA+pTUBB +GMPCPP + kinesin heavy chain – Cryo EM
- 3j8x - pTUBA+pTUBB +GDP + GTP + kinesin heavy chain – Cryo EM
- 3j8y - pTUBA+pTUBB +GDP + GTP + ATP + kinesin heavy chain – Cryo EM
- 3j6p - pTUBA+pTUBB +GTP + GDP + taxol + dynein heavy chain – Cryo EM
- 2hxh - pTUBA+pTUBB+kinesin-like KIF1A+ADP
- 1ia0 - pTUBA+pTUBB+kinesin-like KIF1A+ATP
- 4abo - pTUBA+pTUBB+ microtubule integrity protein MAL3
- 1tub - pTUBA+pTUBB – electron diffraction
- 4aqv, 4aqw - bTUBA+bTUBB+kinesin-like KIF11 – Cryo EM
- 4atu - bTUBA1D+bTUBB2B+doublecortin – Cryo EM
- 4atx - bTUBA1D+bTUBB2B+kinesin motor domain – Cryo EM
- 2btq – PdTUBA+PdTUBB
- 4ffb, 4u3j - TUBA+TUBB (mutant) + protein STU2 - yeast
- γ-tubulin
- FtsZ
- 2vxy, 2vam – BsFtsZ - Bacillus subtilis
- 2ve8 – PaFtsZ gamma domain – Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- 2r6r– AaFtsZ - Aquifex aeolicus
- 1w59, 1fsz – MjFtsZ - Methancaldococcus jannaschii
- 1w5e, 1w5f – MjFtsZ (mutant)
- 3v3t – FtsZ (mutant) – Clostridium botulinum
- 3zid – FtsZ – Methanosaeta thermophila
- 3vo9, 3vpa - SaFtsZ – Staphylococcus aureus
- 3wgj, 3wgk – SaFtsZ (mutant)
- FtsZ complexes
- 2rhh, 2rhj – BsFtsZ+SO4
- 2rhl - BsFtsZ+GDP
- 2rho - BsFtsZ+GDP+GTP-gamma-S
- 4u39 – BsFtsZ + cell division factor
- 2ve9 - PaFtsZ gamma domain+DNA
- 2vaw – PaFtsZ+GDP
- 1ofu - PaFtsZ+SULA
- 2r75 - AaFtsZ+8-morpholino-GTP
- 2q1x, 1rq2 - MtFtsZ+citrate – Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- 2q1y, 1rlu - MtFtsZ+GTP-gamma-S
- 1rq7, 4kwe - MtFtsZ+GDP
- 2vap – MjFtsZ+GDP
- 1w58 - MjFtsZ+GMPCPP
- 1w5a - MjFtsZ+MgGTP
- 1w5b - MjFtsZ+GTP
- 4b45 – HvFtsZ + GTP-γS – Haloferax volcanii
- 3vo8, 3voa - SaFtsZ + GDP
- 3wgl – SaFtsZ (mutant) + GDP
- 3wgn – SaFtsZ + GTP-γS
- 3wgm – SaFtsZ (mutant) + GTP
- 3vob - SaFtsZ + GDP + benzamide derivative
- 4dxd - SaFtsZ + antibiotic
- 4b46 - HvFtsZ + GDP
- 4m8i - SeFtsZ + GDP – Staphylococcus epidermitis
ReferencesReferences
- ↑ Moritz M, Agard DA. Gamma-tubulin complexes and microtubule nucleation. Curr Opin Struct Biol. 2001 Apr;11(2):174-81. PMID:11297925
- ↑ Giarnieri E, De Francesco GP, Carico E, Midiri G, Amanti C, Giacomelli L, Tucci G, Gidaro S, Stroppa I, Gidaro G, Giovagnoli MR. Alpha- and beta-tubulin expression in rectal cancer development. Anticancer Res. 2005 Sep-Oct;25(5):3237-41. PMID:16101133
- ↑ Jaglin XH, Poirier K, Saillour Y, Buhler E, Tian G, Bahi-Buisson N, Fallet-Bianco C, Phan-Dinh-Tuy F, Kong XP, Bomont P, Castelnau-Ptakhine L, Odent S, Loget P, Kossorotoff M, Snoeck I, Plessis G, Parent P, Beldjord C, Cardoso C, Represa A, Flint J, Keays DA, Cowan NJ, Chelly J. Mutations in the beta-tubulin gene TUBB2B result in asymmetrical polymicrogyria. Nat Genet. 2009 Jun;41(6):746-52. doi: 10.1038/ng.380. Epub 2009 May 24. PMID:19465910 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng.380