3tl8

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The AvrPtoB-BAK1 complex reveals two structurally similar kinaseinteracting domains in a single type III effectorThe AvrPtoB-BAK1 complex reveals two structurally similar kinaseinteracting domains in a single type III effector

Structural highlights

3tl8 is a 8 chain structure with sequence from Arath and Pseub. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
NonStd Res:
Gene:BAK1, ELG, SERK3, At4g33430, F17M5.190 (ARATH), hopAB2, avrPtoB, PSPTO_3087 (PSEUB)
Resources:FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT

Function

[BAK1_ARATH] Dual specificity kinase acting on both serine/threonine- and tyrosine-containing substrates. Controls the expression of genes associated with innate immunity in the absence of pathogens or elicitors. Involved in brassinosteroid (BR) signal transduction. Phosphorylates BRI1. May be involved in changing the equilibrium between plasma membrane-located BRI1 homodimers and endocytosed BRI1-BAK1 heterodimers. Interaction with MSBP1 stimulates the endocytosis of BAK1 and suppresses brassinosteroid signaling. Acts in pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) via its interaction with FLS2 and the phosphorylation of BIK1. Involved in programmed cell death (PCD) control. Positively regulates the BR-dependent plant growth pathway and negatively regulates the BR-independent cell-death pathway.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [HPAB2_PSESM] Effector protein involved in gene-for-gene resistance in tomato plants. It is recognized by the host Pto resistance protein and elicits Pto and Prf-dependent hypersensitive response (HR) and programmed cell death (PCD), resulting in host immunity. In susceptible plants, acts as a virulence factor by suppressing PCD and HR-based plant immunity. This function requires its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity probably by recruiting E2 enzymes and transferring ubiquitin molecules to cellular proteins involved in regulation of PCD and targeting them for degradation. Also, induces expression of host genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis and signaling, in particular ACO1 and ACO2, encoding the ethylene-forming enzyme ACC oxidase.[9] [10] [11] [12] [13]

Publication Abstract from PubMed

To infect plants, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato delivers approximately 30 type III effector proteins into host cells, many of which interfere with PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). One effector, AvrPtoB, suppresses PTI using a central domain to bind host BAK1, a kinase that acts with several pattern recognition receptors to activate defense signaling. A second AvrPtoB domain binds and suppresses the PTI-associated kinase Bti9 but is conversely recognized by the protein kinase Pto to activate effector-triggered immunity. We report the crystal structure of the AvrPtoB-BAK1 complex, which revealed structural similarity between these two AvrPtoB domains, suggesting that they arose by intragenic duplication. The BAK1 kinase domain is structurally similar to Pto, and a conserved region within both BAK1 and Pto interacts with AvrPtoB. BAK1 kinase activity is inhibited by AvrPtoB, and mutations at the interaction interface disrupt AvrPtoB virulence activity. These results shed light on a structural mechanism underlying host-pathogen coevolution.

Structural Analysis of Pseudomonas syringae AvrPtoB Bound to Host BAK1 Reveals Two Similar Kinase-Interacting Domains in a Type III Effector.,Cheng W, Munkvold KR, Gao H, Mathieu J, Schwizer S, Wang S, Yan YB, Wang J, Martin GB, Chai J Cell Host Microbe. 2011 Dec 15;10(6):616-26. Epub 2011 Dec 8. PMID:22169508[14]

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

See Also

References

  1. ↑ He K, Gou X, Yuan T, Lin H, Asami T, Yoshida S, Russell SD, Li J. BAK1 and BKK1 regulate brassinosteroid-dependent growth and brassinosteroid-independent cell-death pathways. Curr Biol. 2007 Jul 3;17(13):1109-15. PMID:17600708 doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.05.036
  2. ↑ Kemmerling B, Schwedt A, Rodriguez P, Mazzotta S, Frank M, Qamar SA, Mengiste T, Betsuyaku S, Parker JE, Mussig C, Thomma BP, Albrecht C, de Vries SC, Hirt H, Nurnberger T. The BRI1-associated kinase 1, BAK1, has a brassinolide-independent role in plant cell-death control. Curr Biol. 2007 Jul 3;17(13):1116-22. Epub 2007 Jun 21. PMID:17583510 doi:S0960-9822(07)01470-4
  3. ↑ Wang X, Kota U, He K, Blackburn K, Li J, Goshe MB, Huber SC, Clouse SD. Sequential transphosphorylation of the BRI1/BAK1 receptor kinase complex impacts early events in brassinosteroid signaling. Dev Cell. 2008 Aug;15(2):220-35. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2008.06.011. PMID:18694562 doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2008.06.011
  4. ↑ Albrecht C, Russinova E, Kemmerling B, Kwaaitaal M, de Vries SC. Arabidopsis SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR KINASE proteins serve brassinosteroid-dependent and -independent signaling pathways. Plant Physiol. 2008 Sep;148(1):611-9. doi: 10.1104/pp.108.123216. Epub 2008 Jul, 30. PMID:18667726 doi:10.1104/pp.108.123216
  5. ↑ Oh MH, Wang X, Kota U, Goshe MB, Clouse SD, Huber SC. Tyrosine phosphorylation of the BRI1 receptor kinase emerges as a component of brassinosteroid signaling in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Jan 13;106(2):658-63. Epub 2009 Jan 5. PMID:19124768 doi:0810249106
  6. ↑ Postel S, Kufner I, Beuter C, Mazzotta S, Schwedt A, Borlotti A, Halter T, Kemmerling B, Nurnberger T. The multifunctional leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase BAK1 is implicated in Arabidopsis development and immunity. Eur J Cell Biol. 2010 Feb-Mar;89(2-3):169-74. doi: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2009.11.001., Epub 2009 Dec 16. PMID:20018402 doi:10.1016/j.ejcb.2009.11.001
  7. ↑ Lu D, Wu S, He P, Shan L. Phosphorylation of receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases by bacterial flagellin. Plant Signal Behav. 2010 May 9;5(5). PMID:20404519
  8. ↑ Oh MH, Wu X, Clouse SD, Huber SC. Functional importance of BAK1 tyrosine phosphorylation in vivo. Plant Signal Behav. 2011 Mar;6(3):400-5. Epub 2011 Mar 1. PMID:21350342
  9. ↑ Kim YJ, Lin NC, Martin GB. Two distinct Pseudomonas effector proteins interact with the Pto kinase and activate plant immunity. Cell. 2002 May 31;109(5):589-98. PMID:12062102
  10. ↑ Abramovitch RB, Kim YJ, Chen S, Dickman MB, Martin GB. Pseudomonas type III effector AvrPtoB induces plant disease susceptibility by inhibition of host programmed cell death. EMBO J. 2003 Jan 2;22(1):60-9. PMID:12505984 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emboj/cdg006
  11. ↑ Cohn JR, Martin GB. Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato type III effectors AvrPto and AvrPtoB promote ethylene-dependent cell death in tomato. Plant J. 2005 Oct;44(1):139-54. PMID:16167902 doi:http://dx.doi.org/TPJ2516
  12. ↑ Abramovitch RB, Janjusevic R, Stebbins CE, Martin GB. Type III effector AvrPtoB requires intrinsic E3 ubiquitin ligase activity to suppress plant cell death and immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Feb 21;103(8):2851-6. Epub 2006 Feb 13. PMID:16477026 doi:http://dx.doi.org/0507892103
  13. ↑ Janjusevic R, Abramovitch RB, Martin GB, Stebbins CE. A bacterial inhibitor of host programmed cell death defenses is an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Science. 2006 Jan 13;311(5758):222-6. Epub 2005 Dec 22. PMID:16373536 doi:http://dx.doi.org/1120131
  14. ↑ Cheng W, Munkvold KR, Gao H, Mathieu J, Schwizer S, Wang S, Yan YB, Wang J, Martin GB, Chai J. Structural Analysis of Pseudomonas syringae AvrPtoB Bound to Host BAK1 Reveals Two Similar Kinase-Interacting Domains in a Type III Effector. Cell Host Microbe. 2011 Dec 15;10(6):616-26. Epub 2011 Dec 8. PMID:22169508 doi:10.1016/j.chom.2011.10.013

3tl8, resolution 2.50Å

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