Protein phosphatase

Protein phosphatases (PP) regular protein phosphorylation and thus are key in intracellular signal transduction processes.

• PP1 is a serine/threonine phosphatase and is a key component of the insulin signaling pathway.
  
• PP2A targets proteins in the oncogenic signaling pathways. For PP2A see also HEAT Repeat.
  
• PP2C are Mg/Mn- dependent and are essential for the regulation of cell cycle and stress signaling pathways. For details see ABA-regulated Protein Phosphatase 2C.
  
• PP4 regulates a variety of cellular functions.
  
• PP5 is activated by lipids and is involved in signal transduction.

DiseaseDisease

Mutations in PP2A are found in many solid cancers and leukemias. PP2A-activating drugs are possible candidates for cancer therapeutics protocols. Development of Alzheimer disease drugs could be based on restoration of PP2A activity.

3D Structures of protein phosphatase3D Structures of protein phosphatase

Updated on 18-July-2016

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• Protein phosphatase 1A
  • 3fxj, 3fxk, 3fxl, 3fxm, 3fxo, 4ra2 – hPP1A + Mn – human
    
  • 4da1 – hPP1K + Mn
    
  • 3n5u – hPP1A catalytic subunit + retinoblastoma-associated protein
    
  • 3v4y – hPP1A catalytic subunit + PP1 nuclear inhibitor
    
  • 4g9j – hPP1A catalytic subunit + peptide
    
  • 2rlt – PP1 regulatory subunit – pig - NMR
    
• Protein phosphatase 2A
  • 1b3u, 2g62 – hPP2A regulatory subunit
    
  • 2ie3, 2ie4, 2npp, 2nyl, 2nym – hPP2A catalytic + regulatory subunit + tumor-inducing toxin
    
  • 3c5w – hPP2A catalytic + regulatory subunit + PP2A-specific methyltransferase
    
• Protein phosphatase 2C
  • 2iq1 – hPP2C κ
    
  • 3d8k – PP2C – Toxoplasma gondii
    
  • 3jrq, 3nmn – AtPP2C + Pyl1 – Arabidopsis thaliana
    
  • 3nmt, 3kb3, 3nmv, 3ujl – AtPP2C + Pyl2
    
  • 4la7, 4lg5, [4lga]], 4lgb – AtPP2C + Pyl2 + ligand
    
  • 4ds8 – AtPP2C + Pyl3 + Mn
    
  • 3rt0 – AtPP2C (mutant) + Pyl10
    
  • 4n0g – AtPP2C + Pyl13
    
  • 3qn1, 3zvu, 4wvo – AtPP2C + Pyr1
    
  • 3ujk – AtPP2C
    
  • 4yzg – AtPP2C (mutant)
    
  • 4yzh – AtPP2C (mutant) + chlorophyll-binding protein peptide