Template:STRUCTURE 2nvh
FunctionFunction
Interleukin (IL) is a cytokine which functions in the immune system. IL families are denoted by numbers[1].
- IL-1 is a group of 11 cytokines which regulate immune and inflammatory response. See Interleukin-1 beta.
- IL-2 is a cytokine made by leukocytes. It is used in cancer therapy to boost the immune system.
- IL-3 improves the body's natural response to disease by stimulating the differentiation of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells into myeloid or lymphoid progenitor cells.
- IL-4 induces the differentiation of naive helper T cells (Th0) to Th2 cells.
- IL-5 stimulates B cell growth and increases immunoglobulin secretion.
- IL-6 is both a pro-inflammatory cytokine and anti-inflammatory myokine.
- IL-7 is a cytokine important for B and T cells development.
- IL-8 induces chemotaxis and phagocytosis.
- IL-10 see Interleukin-10 and Inflammation & Rheumatoid Arthritis.
- IL-11 involved in the stimulation of megakaryocyte maturation.
- IL-12 induces the differentiation of naive helper T cells (Th0) to Th1 cells.
- IL-13 induces the differentiation of naive helper T cells (Th0) to Th2 cells.
- IL-15 see Interleukin-15.
- IL-16 acts as chemoattractant, modulator of T cell activity and inhibitor of HIV replication.
- IL-17 recruits monocytes and neutrophils to the site of inflammation.
- IL-18 induces cell-mediated immunity following infection by microbial lipopolysaccharides.
- IL-19 induces activation of the signal transducer and activator of STAT3.
- IL-21 has potent effect on natural killer cells.
- IL-22 stimulates inflammatory responses like S100 and defensin.
- IL-23 induces activation of the signal transducer and activator of STAT4.
- IL-28 has a role in the immune defense against viruses.
- IL-29 similar to IL-28.
- IL-33 induces helper T cells, mast cells, eosinophils and basophils to produce type 2 cytokines.
- IL-34 increases growth or survival of monocytes.
- IL-36 acts on naïve CD4+ T cells.
RelevanceRelevance
Uncontrolled activation of IL-1 is a component of of some inflammatory diseases including gout[2].
IL-8 is implicated in inflammatory lung diseases[3].
IL-10 is implicated in inflammatory bowel disease[4].
IL-10 is a potent anti-inflammatory agent[5].
IL-23 is implicated in Crohn's disease[6].
DiseaseDisease
IL deficiency results in autoimmune disease.
3D structures of interleukin3D structures of interleukin
Updated on 30-March-2016
{"openlevels":0}
- IL-1 α
- 2ila - hIL-1 α - human
- 2kki - hIL-1 α residues 121-271
- 2l5x – hIL-1 α residues 121-271 + calcium-binding protein A13 – NMR
- IL-1 β
- 2wry - cIL-1 β – chicken
- 3nj5 – cIL-1 β (mutant)
- 2nvh, 9ilb, 1iob, 5i1b, 2i1b, 4i1b, 1i1b - hIL-1 β
- 1tp0, 1t4q, 1too, 1twe, 1twm, 1s0l, 1l2h, 1hib, 21bi, 31bi, 41bi - hIL-1 β (mutant)
- 6i1b, 7i1b - hIL-1 β - NMR
- 3ltq - hIL-1 β residues 117-269
- 3pok - hIL-1 β residues 117-269 (mutant)
- 1itb - hIL-1 β + IL-1 receptor 1 extracellular domain
- 3o4o - hIL-1 β + IL-1 receptor 2 + IL-1 receptor accessory protein
- 4dep - hIL-1 β + IL-1 receptor 1 + IL-1 receptor accessory protein
- 4g6j, 4g6m - hIL-1 β + antibody
- 2kh2 - hIL-1 β + SCFV - NMR
- 1md6 – mIL-1F5 – mouse
- 2mib, 8i1b - mIL-1 β
- IL-2 (T-cell growth factor)
- 1m47, 1m4c, 3ink – hIL-2
- 3qb1 - hIL-2 (mutant)
- 1irl – hIL-2 (mutant) - NMR
- 2erj, 2b5i - hIL-2 + IL-2 receptor α and β + cytokine receptor common γ
- 1z92 - hIL-2 + IL-2 receptor α
- 3qaz - hIL-2 + IL-2 receptor β and γ
- 1qvn, 1nbp, 1m4a, 1m4b – hIL-2 (mutant) + inhibitor
- 1pw6, 1py2, 1m48, 1m49 – hIL-2 + inhibitor
- 4nej, 4nem – hIL-2 + methylfuran carboxylate derivative
- IL-3
- 1jli – hIL-3 (mutant) – NMR
- 2l3o – mIL-3 residues 33-156 (mutant) - NMR
- IL-4
- 2b8u, 1hik, 2int, 1rcb – hIL-4
- 2cyk, 1cyl, 1itm, 1bbn, 1bcn, 1iti, 1itl – hIL-4 - NMR
- 2b8x, 2b8y, 2b8z, 2b90, 2b91, 2d48, 1hzi, 1hij - hIL-4 (mutant)
- 1iar - hIL-4 + IL-4 receptor α (mutant)
- 3bpl - hIL-4 + IL-4 receptor α + cytokine receptor common γ
- 3qb7 - hIL-4 + cytokine receptor common γ
- 4ydy – hIL-4 + darpin
- 3bpn - hIL-4 + IL-4 receptor α + IL-13 receptor α
- IL-5
- 1hul – hIL-5
- 3b5k – mIL-5
- 3qt2 - hIL-5 + IL-5 receptor α (mutant)
- 3va2 - hIL-5 + IL-5 receptor α
- IL-6
- 1alu – hIL-6
- 2l3y - mIL-6 residues 27-211 - NMR
- 1il6, 2il6 – hIL-6 - NMR
- 1p9m - hIL-6 + IL-6 receptor α and β
- 1i16 – IL-6 + IL-6 receptor β - Herpesvirus 8
- 4j4l – hIL-6 + internalin B
- 4ni7, 4ni9 – hIL-6 + nucleotide aptamer
- 4cni, 4o9h – hIL-6 + antibody
- IL-7
- 3di2, 3di3 - hIL-7 residues 26-177 + IL-7 receptor α ectodomain
- IL-8
- IL-10
- IL-10 viral
- 1vlk - hvIL-10 residues 26-170 - human herpesvirus 4
- 1y6m - hvIL-10 residues 26-170 + IL-10 receptor α
- 1y6n - hvIL-10 residues 26-170 (mutant) + IL-10 receptor α
- 1lqs - hvIL-10 residues 20-176 + IL-10 receptor α - human herpesvirus 5
- 1lk3 - hvIL-10 residues 26-175 + antibody
- IL-11
- IL-12
- 1f45 - hIL-12 α and β (mutant)
- 1f42 - hIL-12 β P40 domain
- 3hmx - hIL-12 α and β+ antibody
- 4oe8, 4og9 - hIL-12 β + hIL-23 α + alphabody MB3
- 3qwr - hIL-12 β + hIL- 23 α + adnectin
- IL-13
- IL-15
- 2xqb – hIL-15 + antibody
- 2psm, 2z3q, 2z3r - hIL-15 + IL-15 receptor α
- 4gs7 - hIL-15 + IL-15 receptor α + IL-2 receptor β,γ
- IL-16
- 1i16 – hIL-16 - NMR
- 1x6d – hIL-16 PDZ domain – NMR
- IL-17
- 4hr9 - hIL-17A (mutant)
- 4hsa - hIL-17A (mutant) + IL-17A receptor α
- 2vxs - hIL-17A residues 20-255 + antibody
- 1jpy – hIL-17F
- 3jvf - hIL-17F + IL-17 receptor α
- IL-18 (Interferon-γ inducing factor)
- 3wo2 – hIL-18
- 1j0s – hIL-18 - NMR
- 4hjj - hIL-18 + antibody
- 2vxt - hIL-18 (mutant) + antibody
- 3f62 - hIL-18 residues 37-193 (mutant) + IL-18 binding protein
- 4eee, 4ekx - hIL-18 (mutant) + 14L protein
- 3wo3, 4r6u - hIL-18 + IL-18 receptor
- 3wo4 - hIL-18 + IL-18 receptor + IL-18 receptor accessory protein
- IL-19
- IL-20
- 4doh - hIL-20 + IL-20 receptor α,β
- IL-21
- 2oqp– hIL-21 – NMR
- 3tgx - hIL-21 + IL-21 receptor α (mutant)
- IL-22
- 1ykb, 1m4r – hIL-22
- 4ok6 – IL-22 – zebra fish
- 3g9v - hIL-22 residues 29-179 + IL-22 receptor α2
- 3dlq, 3dgc - hIL-22 residues 29-179 (mutant) + IL-22 receptor α1
- 3q1s - hIL-22 residues 29-179 (mutant) + antibody
- IL-23
- 3d87 - hIL-23 α
- 3d85 - hIL-23 α + antibody
- 4grw - hIL-23 α + + hIL-12 β + nanobody
- 3duh - hIL-23 α + hIL-12 β
- IL-28
- IL-29
- IL-33
- 2kll - hIL-33 residues 110-270 - NMR
- IL-34
- 4dkc - hIL-34
- 4exn - mIL-34
- 4dkd - hIL-34 active core + macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor
- 4exp - mIL-34 active core + macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor
- 4dke, 4dkf - hIL-34 active core + antibody
- IL-36
ReferencesReferences
- ↑ Dinarello CA. Biology of interleukin 1. FASEB J. 1988 Feb;2(2):108-15. PMID:3277884
- ↑ Schett G, Dayer JM, Manger B. Interleukin-1 function and role in rheumatic disease. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2016 Jan;12(1):14-24. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2016.166. Epub 2015, Dec 10. PMID:26656658 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrrheum.2016.166
- ↑ Pease JE, Sabroe I. The role of interleukin-8 and its receptors in inflammatory lung disease: implications for therapy. Am J Respir Med. 2002;1(1):19-25. PMID:14720072
- ↑ Shah N, Kammermeier J, Elawad M, Glocker EO. Interleukin-10 and interleukin-10-receptor defects in inflammatory bowel disease. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2012 Oct;12(5):373-9. doi: 10.1007/s11882-012-0286-z. PMID:22890722 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11882-012-0286-z
- ↑ Iyer SS, Cheng G. Role of interleukin 10 transcriptional regulation in inflammation and autoimmune disease. Crit Rev Immunol. 2012;32(1):23-63. PMID:22428854
- ↑ Eken A, Singh AK, Oukka M. Interleukin 23 in Crohn's disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2014 Mar;20(3):587-95. doi:, 10.1097/01.MIB.0000442014.52661.20. PMID:24481050 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.MIB.0000442014.52661.20