1waq
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| , resolution 2.28Å | |||||||
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CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF HUMAN GROWTH AND DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR 5 (GDF-5)
OverviewOverview
Growth and differentiation factor 5 (GDF-5), a member of the TGF-beta superfamily, is involved in many developmental processes, like chondrogenesis and joint formation. Mutations in GDF-5 lead to diseases, e.g. chondrodysplasias like Hunter-Thompson, Grebe and DuPan syndromes and brachydactyly. Similar to other TGF-beta superfamily members, GDF-5 transmits signals through binding to two different types of membrane-bound serine-/threonine-kinase receptors termed type I and type II. In contrast to the large number of ligands, only seven type I and five type II receptors have been identified to date, implicating a limited promiscuity in ligand-receptor interaction. However, in contrast to other members of the TGF-beta superfamily, GDF-5 shows a pronounced specificity in type I receptor interaction in cross-link experiments binding only to BMP receptor IB (BMPR-IB). In mice, deletion of either GDF-5 or BMPR-IB results in a similar phenotype, indicating that GDF-5 signaling is highly dependent on BMPR-IB. Here, we demonstrate by biosensor analysis that GDF-5 also binds to BMP receptor IA (BMPR-IA) but with approximately 12-fold lower affinity. Structural and mutational analyses revealed a single residue of GDF-5, Arg57 located in the pre-helix loop, being solely responsible for the high binding specificity to BMPR-IB. In contrast to wild-type GDF-5, variant GDF-5R57A interacts with BMPR-IA and BMPR-IB with a comparable high binding affinity. These results provide important insights into how receptor-binding specificity is generated at the molecular level and might be useful for the generation of receptor subtype specific activators or inhibitors.
DiseaseDisease
Known diseases associated with this structure: Acromesomelic dysplasia, Hunter-Thompson type OMIM:[601146], Brachydactyly, type A2 OMIM:[601146], Brachydactyly, type C OMIM:[601146], Chondrodysplasia, Grebe type OMIM:[601146], Fibular hypoplasia and complex brachydactyly OMIM:[601146], Multiple synostoses syndrome type 1 OMIM:[601146], Symphalangism, proximal OMIM:[601146]
About this StructureAbout this Structure
1WAQ is a Single protein structure of sequence from Homo sapiens. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA.
ReferenceReference
A single residue of GDF-5 defines binding specificity to BMP receptor IB., Nickel J, Kotzsch A, Sebald W, Mueller TD, J Mol Biol. 2005 Jun 24;349(5):933-47. Epub 2005 Apr 22. PMID:15890363
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