1l9m
Three-dimensional structure of the human transglutaminase 3 enzyme: binding of calcium ions change structure for activation
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| , resolution 2.10Å | |||||||
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| Ligands: | , and | ||||||
| Gene: | TGM3 (Homo sapiens) | ||||||
| Activity: | Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase, with EC number 2.3.2.13 | ||||||
| Coordinates: | save as pdb, mmCIF, xml | ||||||
OverviewOverview
Transglutaminase (TGase) enzymes catalyze the formation of covalent cross-links between protein-bound glutamines and lysines in a calcium-dependent manner, but the role of Ca(2+) ions remains unclear. The TGase 3 isoform is widely expressed and is important for epithelial barrier formation. It is a zymogen, requiring proteolysis for activity. We have solved the three-dimensional structures of the zymogen and the activated forms at 2.2 and 2.1 A resolution, respectively, and examined the role of Ca(2+) ions. The zymogen binds one ion tightly that cannot be exchanged. Upon proteolysis, the enzyme exothermally acquires two more Ca(2+) ions that activate the enzyme, are exchangeable and are functionally replaceable by other lanthanide trivalent cations. Binding of a Ca(2+) ion at one of these sites opens a channel which exposes the key Trp236 and Trp327 residues that control substrate access to the active site. Together, these biochemical and structural data reveal for the first time in a TGase enzyme that Ca(2+) ions induce structural changes which at least in part dictate activity and, moreover, may confer substrate specificity.
About this StructureAbout this Structure
1L9M is a Single protein structure of sequence from Homo sapiens. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA.
ReferenceReference
Three-dimensional structure of the human transglutaminase 3 enzyme: binding of calcium ions changes structure for activation., Ahvazi B, Kim HC, Kee SH, Nemes Z, Steinert PM, EMBO J. 2002 May 1;21(9):2055-67. PMID:11980702
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