2nzz
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NMR structure analysis of the Penetratin conjugated Gas (374-394) peptide
OverviewOverview
A42 is a chimera peptide consisting of Galphas(374-394)C379A--the 21-mer C, terminus of the Galphas protein, able of adenosine inhibitory, activity--and penetratin--the 16 residue fragment, derived from the, homeodomain of the Drosophila transcription factor Antennapedia. A42 is, able to cross cell membranes and to inhibit A2A and A2B adenosine and, beta-adrenergic receptor stimulated camps (D'Ursi et al. Mol. Pharmacol., 2006, 69, 727-36). Here we present an extensive biophysical study of A42, in different membrane mimetics, with the objective to evaluate the, molecular mechanisms which promote the membrane permeation. Fluorescence, CD, and NMR data were acquired in the presence of negatively charged and, zwitterionic sodium dodecyl sulfate and dodecylphosphocholine surfactants., To validate the spectroscopic results in a larger scale, fluorescence, microscopy experiments were performed on negatively charged and, zwitterionic dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol and, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles. Our results show that the, internalization of A42 is mainly driven by electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions playing only a secondary, sinergistic role. The, distribution of the charges along the molecule has an important role, highlighting that internalization is a process which requires a specific, matching of peptide and membrane properties.
About this StructureAbout this Structure
2NZZ is a Protein complex structure of sequences from [1]. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA.
ReferenceReference
Driving forces in the delivery of penetratin conjugated G protein fragment., Albrizio S, Giusti L, D'Errico G, Esposito C, Porchia F, Caliendo G, Novellino E, Mazzoni MR, Rovero P, D'Ursi AM, J Med Chem. 2007 Apr 5;50(7):1458-64. Epub 2007 Mar 10. PMID:17348636
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