ExbD is present in cells only in a complex with ExbB, where is affects the functioning of the TonB complex both in how it responds to the proton motive force as well as its affinity with either the cytoplasmic or outer membrane. [1]
↑Held KG, Postle K. ExbB and ExbD do not function independently in TonB-dependent energy transduction. J Bacteriol. 2002 Sep;184(18):5170-3. PMID:12193634
↑Kampfenkel K, Braun V. Membrane topology of the Escherichia coli ExbD protein. J Bacteriol. 1992 Aug;174(16):5485-7. PMID:1644779
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