Trastuzumab
|
Better Known as: Agenerase
- Marketed By: GlaxoSmithKline
- Major Indication: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
- Drug Class: HIV Protease Inhibitor
- Date of FDA Approval (Discontinued): 1999 (2004)
- 2004 Sales: ~$50 Million
- Importance: It was the first HIV Protease inhibitor which required only twice-a-day dosing as opposed to every 8 hours. It was replaced by a longer acting prodrug version called Fosamprenavir.
- The following is a list of Pharmacokinetic Parameters. See: Pharmaceutical Drugs for more information
Mechanism of Action
When HIV first infects someone, it directs the synthesis of several polyproteins. The maturation of the virus to its infectious form requires that these polyproteins be cleaved to their component proteins by HIV Protease. The subunits of come together to form a catalytic tunnel capable of tightly binding the nascent peptides and cleaving them into their mature, infectious form. Within this tunnel lies , which contain the . These catalytic Asp residues carry out the hydrolytic cleavage of the polyprotein. Amprenavir to these conserved sequences within the HIV Protease tunnel, preventing the nascent polyproteins from entering. Unable to actively cleave the nascent proteins into their infectious form, HIV is unable to mature and proliferate, allowing the patients immune system to fight off the infection more easily.[1][2]
Drug Resistance
The biggest difficulty with treating HIV is the rapidity at which it mutates and becomes resistant to treatments. To view a comprehensive and interactive analysis of the mutations which confer drug resistance to HIV Protease, See: HIV Protease Inhibitor Resistance Profile
Pharmacokinetics
| EGFR Inhibitor Pharmacokinetics[3] | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | Trastuzumab | ||||||||||
| Tmax (hr) | 1.7 | ||||||||||
| Cmax (ng/ml) | 203000 | ||||||||||
| Bioavailability (%) | |||||||||||
| T1/2 (days) | 27 | ||||||||||
| AUC (ug/ml/hr) | 45036 | ||||||||||
| Clearance (L/h) | .009 | ||||||||||
| Dosage (mg) | 250 | ||||||||||
| Metabolism | |||||||||||
References
- ↑ Spinelli S, Liu QZ, Alzari PM, Hirel PH, Poljak RJ. The three-dimensional structure of the aspartyl protease from the HIV-1 isolate BRU. Biochimie. 1991 Nov;73(11):1391-6. PMID:1799632
- ↑ Flexner C, Bate G, Kirkpatrick P. Tipranavir. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2005 Dec;4(12):955-6. PMID:16370086 doi:10.1038/nrd1907
- ↑ Leyland-Jones B, Gelmon K, Ayoub JP, Arnold A, Verma S, Dias R, Ghahramani P. Pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of trastuzumab administered every three weeks in combination with paclitaxel. J Clin Oncol. 2003 Nov 1;21(21):3965-71. Epub 2003 Sep 24. PMID:14507946 doi:10.1200/JCO.2003.12.109