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N-Aromatic-Substituted Indazole Derivatives as Brain Penetrant and Orally Bioavailable JNK3 InhibitorsN-Aromatic-Substituted Indazole Derivatives as Brain Penetrant and Orally Bioavailable JNK3 Inhibitors
Structural highlights
DiseaseMK10_HUMAN Defects in MAPK10 are a cause of epileptic encephalopathy Lennox-Gastaut type (EELG) [MIM:606369. Epileptic encephalopathies of the Lennox-Gastaut group are childhood epileptic disorders characterized by severe psychomotor delay and seizures. Note=A chromosomal aberration involving MAPK10 has been found in a single patient. Translocation t(Y;4)(q11.2;q21) which causes MAPK10 truncation. FunctionMK10_HUMAN Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in various processes such as neuronal proliferation, differentiation, migration and programmed cell death. Extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress stimulate the stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAP/JNK) signaling pathway. In this cascade, two dual specificity kinases MAP2K4/MKK4 and MAP2K7/MKK7 phosphorylate and activate MAPK10/JNK3. In turn, MAPK10/JNK3 phosphorylates a number of transcription factors, primarily components of AP-1 such as JUN and ATF2 and thus regulates AP-1 transcriptional activity. Plays regulatory roles in the signaling pathways during neuronal apoptosis. Phosphorylates the neuronal microtubule regulator STMN2. Acts in the regulation of the beta-amyloid precursor protein/APP signaling during neuronal differentiation by phosphorylating APP. Participates also in neurite growth in spiral ganglion neurons.[1] Publication Abstract from PubMedAn indazole/aza-indazole scaffold was developed as a novel chemotype for JNK3 inhibition. Extensive structure activity relationship (SAR) studies utilizing various in vitro and in vivo assays led to potent and highly selective JNK3 inhibitors with good oral bioavailability and high brain penetration. One lead compound, 29, was a potent and selective JNK3 inhibitor (IC50 = 0.005 muM) that had significant inhibition (>80% at 1 muM) to only JNK3 and JNK2 in a panel profiling of 374 wild-type kinases, had high potency in functional cell-based assays, had high stability in the human liver microsome (t 1/2 = 92 min), and was orally bioavailable and brain penetrant (brain/plasma ratio: 56%). The cocrystal structure of 29 in human JNK3 at a 2.1 A resolution showed that indazole or aza-indazole-based JNK3 inhibitors demonstrated a type I kinase inhibition/binding. N-Aromatic-Substituted Indazole Derivatives as Brain-Penetrant and Orally Bioavailable JNK3 Inhibitors.,Feng Y, Park H, Ryu JC, Yoon SO ACS Med Chem Lett. 2021 Sep 21;12(10):1546-1552. doi:, 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00334. eCollection 2021 Oct 14. PMID:34676036[2] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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