6ud5
Crystal structure of human tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase in complex with carbon monoxide and tryptophanCrystal structure of human tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase in complex with carbon monoxide and tryptophan
Structural highlights
FunctionT23O_HUMAN Incorporates oxygen into the indole moiety of tryptophan. Has a broad specificity towards tryptamine and derivatives including D- and L-tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan and serotonin (By similarity). Publication Abstract from PubMedHuman indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (hIDO1) and human tryptophan dioxygenase (hTDO) are two important heme proteins that degrade the essential amino acid, l-tryptophan (Trp), along the kynurenine pathway. The two enzymes share a similar active site structure and an analogous catalytic mechanism, but they exhibit a variety of distinct functional properties. Here we used carbon monoxide (CO) as a structural probe to interrogate how the functionalities of the two enzymes are encoded in their structures. With X-ray crystallography, we detected an unexpected photochemical intermediate trapped in a crystal of the hIDO1-CO-Trp complex, where CO is photolyzed from the heme iron by X-rays at cryogenic temperatures (100 K). The CO photolysis triggers a large-scale migration of the substrate Trp, as well as the photolyzed CO, from the active site to a temporary binding site, Sa*. It is accompanied by a large conformational change to an active site loop, JK-Loop(C), despite the severely restricted protein motion under the frozen conditions, which highlights the remarkable conformational plasticity of the hIDO1 protein. Comparative studies of a crystal of the hTDO-CO-Trp complex show that CO and Trp remain bound in the active site under comparable X-ray illumination, indicating a much more rigid protein architecture. The data offer important new insights into the structure and function relationships of the heme-based dioxygenases and provide new guidelines for structure-based design of inhibitors targeting them. Conformational Plasticity in Human Heme-Based Dioxygenases.,Pham KN, Lewis-Ballester A, Yeh SR J Am Chem Soc. 2020 Dec 29. doi: 10.1021/jacs.0c09970. PMID:33373218[1] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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