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Structure of the DNA binding domains of NFAT and FOXP2 bound specifically to DNA.Structure of the DNA binding domains of NFAT and FOXP2 bound specifically to DNA.
Structural highlights
Disease[FOXP2_HUMAN] Defects in FOXP2 are the cause of speech-language disorder 1 (SPCH1) [MIM:602081]; also known as autosomal dominant speech and language disorder with orofacial dyspraxia. Affected individuals have a severe impairment in the selection and sequencing of fine orofacial movements, which are necessary for articulation. They also show deficits in several facets of language processing (such as the ability to break up words into their constituent phonemes) and grammatical skills.[1] Note=A chromosomal aberration involving FOXP2 is a cause of severe speech and language impairment. Translocation t(5;7)(q22;q31.2). Function[FOXP2_HUMAN] Transcriptional repressor that may play a role in the specification and differentiation of lung epithelium. May also play a role in developing neural, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular tissues. Can act with CTBP1 to synergistically repress transcription but CTPBP1 is not essential. Involved in neural mechanisms mediating the development of speech and language. [NFAC2_HUMAN] Plays a role in the inducible expression of cytokine genes in T-cells, especially in the induction of the IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, TNF-alpha or GM-CSF. Promotes invasive migration through the activation of GPC6 expression and WNT5A signaling pathway.[2] Evolutionary Conservation Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf. Publication Abstract from PubMedAntigen stimulation of immune cells activates the transcription factor NFAT, a key regulator of T cell activation and anergy. NFAT forms cooperative complexes with the AP-1 family of transcription factors and regulates T cell activation-associated genes. Here we show that regulatory T cell (Treg) function is mediated by an analogous cooperative complex of NFAT with the forkhead transcription factor FOXP3, a lineage specification factor for Tregs. The crystal structure of an NFAT:FOXP2:DNA complex reveals an extensive protein-protein interaction interface between NFAT and FOXP2. Structure-guided mutations of FOXP3, predicted to progressively disrupt its interaction with NFAT, interfere in a graded manner with the ability of FOXP3 to repress expression of the cytokine IL2, upregulate expression of the Treg markers CTLA4 and CD25, and confer suppressor function in a murine model of autoimmune diabetes. Thus by switching transcriptional partners, NFAT converts the acute T cell activation program into the suppressor program of Tregs. FOXP3 controls regulatory T cell function through cooperation with NFAT.,Wu Y, Borde M, Heissmeyer V, Feuerer M, Lapan AD, Stroud JC, Bates DL, Guo L, Han A, Ziegler SF, Mathis D, Benoist C, Chen L, Rao A Cell. 2006 Jul 28;126(2):375-87. PMID:16873067[3] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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