6t9c
Crystal structure of the complex between PPARgamma LBD and the ligand NV1346 (3a)Crystal structure of the complex between PPARgamma LBD and the ligand NV1346 (3a)
Structural highlights
DiseasePPARG_HUMAN Note=Defects in PPARG can lead to type 2 insulin-resistant diabetes and hyptertension. PPARG mutations may be associated with colon cancer. Defects in PPARG may be associated with susceptibility to obesity (OBESITY) [MIM:601665. It is a condition characterized by an increase of body weight beyond the limitation of skeletal and physical requirements, as the result of excessive accumulation of body fat.[1] Defects in PPARG are the cause of familial partial lipodystrophy type 3 (FPLD3) [MIM:604367. Familial partial lipodystrophies (FPLD) are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders characterized by marked loss of subcutaneous (sc) fat from the extremities. Affected individuals show an increased preponderance of insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia.[2] [3] Genetic variations in PPARG can be associated with susceptibility to glioma type 1 (GLM1) [MIM:137800. Gliomas are central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells and comprise astrocytomas, glioblastoma multiforme, oligodendrogliomas, and ependymomas. Note=Polymorphic PPARG alleles have been found to be significantly over-represented among a cohort of American patients with sporadic glioblastoma multiforme suggesting a possible contribution to disease susceptibility. FunctionPPARG_HUMAN Receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to a promoter element in the gene for acyl-CoA oxidase and activates its transcription. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. Acts as a critical regulator of gut homeostasis by suppressing NF-kappa-B-mediated proinflammatory responses.[4] [5] [6] Publication Abstract from PubMedPPARgamma represents a key target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Synthetic antidiabetic drugs activating PPARgamma are accompanied by serious undesirable side effects related to their agonism. In the search for new PPARgamma regulators, inhibitors of PPARgamma phosphorylation on S245 mediated by CDK5 represent an opportunity for the development of an improved generation of antidiabetic drugs acting through this nuclear receptor. We have employed a multidisciplinary approach, including protein-protein docking, X-ray crystallography, NMR, HDX, MD simulations, and site-directed mutagenesis to investigate conformational changes in PPARgamma that impair the ability of CDK5 to interact with PPARgamma and hence inhibit PPARgamma phosphorylation. Finally, we describe an alternative inhibition mechanism adopted by a ligand bound far from the phosphorylation site. Insights into PPARgamma Phosphorylation and Its Inhibition Mechanism.,Montanari R, Capelli D, Yamamoto K, Awaishima H, Nishikata K, Barendregt A, Heck AJR, Loiodice F, Altieri F, Paiardini A, Grottesi A, Pirone L, Pedone E, Peiretti F, Brunel JM, Itoh T, Pochetti G J Med Chem. 2020 May 14;63(9):4811-4823. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00048. Epub , 2020 Apr 15. PMID:32239932[7] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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